{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Forced Labor on Imperial Construction: The Ladoga Canal (1704\u20131725), ATT&CK campaign C0017 (v1.2)", "name": "Forced Labor on Imperial Construction: The Ladoga Canal (1704\u20131725) (C0017)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0036", "comment": "Removing Cossack regiments from the Cossack hierarchy and placing them under the direct command of imperial officials: Peter I handed the direction of the Ladoga Canal works to B.-C. M\u00fcnnich, who \"took over from Prince A. Menshikov the direction of the construction (digging) of the Ladoga Canal\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 6 2009); Cossack corps were dispatched to these works \"by order of Tsar Peter I\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0057", "comment": "The mass mobilization of Cossack regiments for penal construction labor: the digging of the Ladoga Canal \"was carried out chiefly by the hands of Ukrainian Cossacks,\" and there \"tens of thousands of people perished from back-breaking labor, hunger and the harsh climate\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 6 2009). In 1721 a \"10,000-strong Cossack corps\" headed by P. Polubotok was dispatched to the canal(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011); the works continued through 1721\u201323(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0102", "comment": "Shifting the upkeep of the mobilized onto the subjects themselves: Cossacks dispatched to the imperial construction sites were left without supply and \"suffer great want from hunger, having neither food for themselves, nor winter quarters, nor fodder for the horses\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011). Workers for state construction the tsar simply ordered to be \"taken from Ukraine, from those towns that are under your authority\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011), while at the works themselves people perished \"from back-breaking labor, hunger and the harsh climate\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 6 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Forced Labor on Imperial Construction: The Ladoga Canal (1704\u20131725)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}