{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Destruction of the Nokhchi Villages along the Sunzha and Erection of the Groznaya Fortress in Their Place (1817\u20131818), ATT&CK campaign C1021 (v1.1)", "name": "Destruction of the Nokhchi Villages along the Sunzha and Erection of the Groznaya Fortress in Their Place (1817\u20131818) (C1021)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0139", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire built a fortress on the occupied territory as a stronghold, in order to keep the approaches to the Chechen lands under fire and cut the inhabitants off from their lands. Historian D. A. Khozhaev records that the fortress was built \u00abon Chechen land\u00bb(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). The imperial general Yermolov attests in his \u00abNotes\u00bb that the fortress, \u00abconstraining the inhabitants in their possession of the best lands\u2026 not far from the entrance through the Khan-Kale gorge, was named Groznaya\u00bb, and that the earthworks were completed by mid-October 1818(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991). The imperial historian Potto confirms the founding on June 10, 1818: \u00abto the thunder of cannon, a strong fortress of six bastions was laid, which Yermolov named Groznaya\u00bb(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007). As early as his most humble report of November 1817, Yermolov directly named the purpose of the Sunzha fortresses: \u00abWe must occupy the Sunzha River and build fortresses along its course: then the Chechens will be confined in their mountains, deprived of land suitable for cultivation and of the pasture grounds where throughout the winter they shelter their herds from the harsh mountain climate\u00bb(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VI, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f (1816-1827) 1875).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0127", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire drove the population of the destroyed villages off their lands, which passed into the conqueror\u2019s possession. Historian D. A. Khozhayev records that the inhabitants of the eight villages near Groznaya were \u201cdriven off the lands\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Imperial general Yermolov wrote to Emperor Alexander I that if the population refused to submit, they would be offered \u201cto withdraw and join the other brigands,\u201d and then \u201call the lands will remain at our disposal\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0049", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire compelled the Indigenous population to perform military service on the conqueror\u2019s side, including against their own kin. Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d that \u201cinstead of tribute it was ordained that men be sent out for service at the requisition of the commanders,\u201d and admits: \u201cthere has not yet been an instance of anyone being able to force the Chechens to use arms against their own countrymen, but the first step toward this has already been taken, and it has been impressed upon them that this will always be demanded of them\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0147", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire, having moved troops onto the Sunzha and occupied Chechen land, demanded that the elders of Chechen villages renew their oath of submission under threat of reprisal as against \u201copen enemies.\u201d Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d that in May 1818 \u201cthe elders of almost all the principal Chechen villages were summoned to me,\u201d to the military camp, and he demanded \u201cthat henceforth such [depredations] no longer be committed, and in confirmation they must renew their old oath of submission and return the captives held by them\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991). The demand went unfulfilled: the elders \u201cpromised nothing\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0099", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire held representatives of the villages along the Sunzha as a pledge of submission. Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d that when the troops advanced to the Sunzha, \u201camanats (hostages) from their villages were taken into the camp\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991). Imperial historian Potto confirms that Yermolov \u201ctook amanats from all the auls sitting along the Sunzha\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0057", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire forced Chechen villages to make deliveries and perform labor for the construction of the fortress. Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d: \u201cthe villages from which we held amanats were ordered to deliver timber for the construction\u201d; the nearest villages \u201cdared not show disobedience\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0019", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire moved troops onto the Nokhchi lands between the Terek and the Sunzha in order to forcibly shift the forward fortified line deep into Chechen territory and place the region under military control. Historian D. A. Khozhaev defines the meaning of moving the line as squeezing Chechnya that had not submitted \u00abwith new fortresses and fortifications\u00bb(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). The imperial general Yermolov, in his \u00abNotes\u00bb, attests to the deployment of troops: \u00abon May 24 the entire detachment crossed over\u2026 in a single march it moved from the Terek to the Sunzha River\u00bb(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0102", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire shifted the cost of the imposed military service onto the Indigenous population itself. Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d that the men levied by requisition were sent out \u201cwith their own arms and at their own expense\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0022", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire instilled submission through fear of the demonstrative destruction of families. Imperial general Yermolov, in his \u201cAddress\u201d to the Chechens, declared: \u201cThe slightest disobedience\u2026 and your auls will be destroyed, your families sold off into the mountains, the amanats hanged, villages exterminated by fire, women and children slaughtered\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998)(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0105", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire demolished Chechen villages to clear ground for a fortress. Historian D. A. Khozhayev records the destruction of eight villages: to make way for Groznaya, \u201ceight flourishing Chechen villages (Bugun-Yurt, Amirkhan-Kichu, Kuli-Yurt, Sorochan-Yurt, Sunzha, N. Chechen, Topli, Alkhanchu) were destroyed\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Destruction of the Nokhchi Villages along the Sunzha and Erection of the Groznaya Fortress in Their Place (1817\u20131818)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}