{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Bulgakov's Punitive Expedition: Devastation of Chechen Villages and Coercion into Allegiance (1807), ATT&CK campaign C1140 (v1.1)", "name": "Bulgakov's Punitive Expedition: Devastation of Chechen Villages and Coercion into Allegiance (1807) (C1140)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0015", "comment": "The Russian Empire bought the loyalty of Nokhchi elders in order to use them to bring recalcitrant villages into subjecthood. The commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, instructed the Andreyevo elder Hadji-Redjeb to incline the villages \u201cinto submission and subjecthood,\u201d and assigned a salary to the Chechen uzden Bik-Bulat \u2014 \u201cI persuaded the Chechen uzden Bik-Bulat\u2026 to whom I said\u2026 a salary of 300 r. in silver per year\u201d; for winning over the remaining villages, \u201cabout 3,000 r. in silver for bringing them into loyal subjecthood\u201d was allocated(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869). The same bribery, from the Nokhchi side, is recorded by the historian D. A. Khozhaev: through the intermediary Hadji-Redjeb, in the name of the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, the very head of the Chechen resistance, Beibulat Taimiev, was won over and took \u201can oath of fidelity of subjecthood to Russia,\u201d while Hadji-Redjeb asked the generals for another 3000 rubles in silver \u201cfor bringing the remaining unpacified Chechen villages into loyal subjecthood\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0147", "comment": "The Russian Empire compelled the Nokhchi communities by force of arms to swear an oath of subjecthood. After the devastation of the villages, the commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, presented the Chechen people with a resolution by which the elders declared: \u201cwe submit ourselves with the whole Chechen people\u2026 into eternal loyal subjecthood\u2026 in witness whereof we give an oath according to our custom on the Holy Quran,\u201d and for any violation the people subjected itself \u201cto the strictest punishment and to the devastation of our dwellings without resistance\u201d; the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, reported that the Chechens had been \u201ccompletely subdued by force of arms and brought to an oath of eternal fidelity of subjecthood\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0099", "comment": "The Russian Empire held hostages from among the Nokhchi inhabitants as a guarantee of submission. Under the resolution presented by the commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, the Chechen elders undertook: \u201cwe give the foremost among us as amanats, at the choice of the Russian commander in this region\u201d; the villages of Bolshaya Ataga, Malaya Ataga, and Gekhi \u201cgave 3 amanats from the best families,\u201d whom the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, ordered \u201cto send to Kizlyar\u2026 to keep watch over them and to issue for their maintenance 10 r. per month each\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0019", "comment": "The Russian Empire sent troops into the lands of the Nokhchi in order to force its way deep into Greater Chechnya and break the resistance of its communities. The historian D. A. Khozhaev describes General Bulgakov's troops as having \u201ccome with fire and sword to the Chechen land,\u201d and the Khankala battle of 1807 as bloody(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). In February 1807, three detachments under the overall command of the commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, crossed the Terek; on February 13, the troops broke through the Khankala Gorge by storm, which the inhabitants had fortified with barricades, ditches, and abatis. The commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, reported that he had entered \u201cfor the exemplary punishment\u201d of the Nokhchi communities, that the inhabitants, having gathered in number about 10,000, \u201cresolved to perish rather than let the Russian troops pass through the gorge\u201d; during the storming of the gorge, of the defending Chechens, according to his report, there were \u201cabout 1,000 killed on the spot\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869). The imperial historian Potto admits that after Bulgakov's storming of the Khankala Gorge, Russian attempts to penetrate deep into Chechnya \u201cwere never renewed\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0152", "comment": "The Russian Empire set neighboring Indigenous peoples against one another so that their mutual enmity would weaken the resistance of each and prevent them from uniting. For the 1807 campaign against the Chechens, the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, coerced Kabardians into marching against the Nokhchi: for failure to appear, those \u201cdesignated from the ranks of uzdens and begauls\u201d faced a fine \u201cof 50 r. in silver and 2 oxen.\u201d General Delpozzo reported that he had \u201cinclined the Kabardians to set out on the campaign and to assist together with our troops in punishing the Chechens,\u201d and although \u201cit was very difficult to persuade them,\u201d he gathered over 3,500 men who \u201ccrossed the Terek River and arrived\u2026 at the Sunzha River\u201d against the Chechen and Karabulak villages; at the same time, the Kabardians themselves refused to go directly \u201cagainst the Chechens,\u201d as their co-religionists, agreeing to act only \u201cagainst the Karabulaks alone.\u201d General Gudovich stated the aim of this incitement outright \u2014 \u201cto set these two peoples at odds with each other and bring them into enmity against one another, and thereby weaken them over time\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0077", "comment": "The Russian Empire dispatched troops to the lands of the Nokhchi to compel submission. The plan of the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, was to strike the unprotected: to catch the inhabitants before \u201ctheir livestock and families\u2026 are sheltered in the mountains,\u201d for \u201cthen\u2026 their punishment and complete success in the matter would be surer and more convenient.\u201d When the commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, delayed by an expedition in Dagestan, gave the inhabitants time to fortify the Khankala Gorge and took it by a bloody storm, General Gudovich, in a directive of March 20, 1807, refused to take this \u201con his own account\u201d and stressed that he had not sent him to wage war: \u201cyou were sent not to wage war with the Chechen peoples, but to punish them and bring them into complete submission.\u201d The commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, considered the outcome of the campaign to be that the Chechens had by force of arms been \u201cbrought to such a state that they will long feel the blow dealt to them and, certainly, will not soon regain strength\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0105", "comment": "The Russian Empire burned the villages of the Nokhchi, depriving the inhabitants of shelter and means of subsistence. General Ivelich reported that the village of Bolshaya Chechenskaya Ataga was \u201cconsigned to fire\u201d by the detachment of the commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, while the remaining inhabitants, \u201cwhose villages were destroyed by fire,\u201d agreed to subjecthood(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Bulgakov's Punitive Expedition: Devastation of Chechen Villages and Coercion into Allegiance (1807)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}