{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Demonstrative destruction of the aul of Dadi-Yurt and the erection of the Vnezapnaya fortress to force the Nokhchi off the Kumyk plain (1819), ATT&CK campaign C1143 (v1.1)", "name": "Demonstrative destruction of the aul of Dadi-Yurt and the erection of the Vnezapnaya fortress to force the Nokhchi off the Kumyk plain (1819) (C1143)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0053", "comment": "The Russian Empire led the Nokhchi who survived the destruction of an aul away as captives into its own territory. General Yermolov himself writes in his \u201cNotes\u201d that women and children \u201cwere taken prisoner numbering up to one hundred and forty\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991), and the imperial historian Potto confirms this(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007). Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that during the crossing of the captives over the Terek, 46 captured girls, \u201cnot wishing to endure abuse in captivity,\u201d perished, \u201cdragging their guards with them into the turbulent river\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0139", "comment": "The Russian Empire built a ring of fortresses around Chechnya in order to squeeze it and cut it off from its neighbors. Historian D. A. Khozhayev writes that following Groznaya, the fortress Vnezapnaya appeared in 1819, erected in order to \u201csqueeze unsubdued Chechnya with new fortresses and fortifications\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Imperial historian Potto confirms its purpose and date: founded on the eighteenth of July 1819, it \u201cseparated the Chechens from the Kumyks\u201d and \u201cbarred [the Chechens\u2019] way across the Salatau mountains,\u201d and it was linked to Groznaya by a chain of fortifications(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007). General Yermolov had planned this fortress as early as his most humble report of November 1817, proposing that \u201cby extending the Line through the Aksai and Andreyevo villages to the Sulak River, Kizlyar will be covered\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VI, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f (1816-1827) 1875).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0104", "comment": "During the storming of a Nokhchi aul, the Russian Empire exterminated its inhabitants without distinction of sex or age. Historian D. A. Khozhayev writes that \u201cthe brutalized punitive forces spared neither women nor children,\u201d and, breaking into the houses, \u201cslaughtered everyone without mercy\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). The organizer himself, general Yermolov, admits the toll in his \u201cNotes\u201d: \u201call who bore arms were exterminated, and their number could not have been fewer than four hundred,\u201d while \u201ca far greater number were slaughtered or perished in the houses from the effect of artillery and fire\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991). Imperial historian Potto confirms that the aul was taken only when \u201cevery one of its defenders had been exterminated to a man,\u201d and those slaughtered or killed in the fire numbered twice as many as the one hundred forty who survived(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0164", "comment": "When laying waste to a Nokhchi aul, the Russian Empire handed its property over to the soldiers as spoils. Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that the punitive raids under Yermolov proceeded \u201cwith the destruction of the population, houses, crops, orchards, and forests, the driving off of livestock, and the plundering of property,\u201d while Russian commanders invaded peaceful lands \u201cto distinguish themselves or to seize booty\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). General Yermolov himself admits this in his \u201cNotes\u201d: after the destruction of Dadi-Yurt, \u201cthe soldiers came away with rather rich spoils\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0077", "comment": "The Russian Empire sent troops to ravage Nokhchi villages as punishment for insubordination. Historian D. A. Khozhayev writes that general Yermolov ordered Major General Sysoyev and Colonel Bekovich-Cherkassky to \u201csurround the peaceful village of Dadi-Yurt\u201d and to \u201cpunish it by force of arms, giving quarter to no one\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Yermolov confirms his order in his \u201cNotes\u201d: to surround the aul, offer the inhabitants the chance to leave, \u201cand should they resist, to punish them by force of arms, giving quarter to no one\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991). On the fifteenth of September 1819 the aul was surrounded by six Kabardian companies and seven sotnias of Cossacks and taken by storm(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0142", "comment": "The Russian Empire drove the Nokhchi from the lowland to clear it for itself and for loyal neighbors, and blocked their return with fortresses. Historian D. A. Khozhaev cites the admission of General Orbeliani that this expulsion was a system applied everywhere: \u201cin all of Chechnya there remained not a single aul, not a single household, that had not been resettled from one place to another several times over\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). General Yermolov himself, in a report to the emperor, admits this with regard to the Kachkalyk Nokhchi: to clear the Aksai riverside he drove them out of it and placed the fortresses of Amir-Adzhi-Yurt and Vnezapnaya in their place, for the sake of \u201cfreeing it [the Aksai] from the Kachkalyks, whom I immediately ordered to be driven out of it; I established the fortress of Vnezapnaya\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VI, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f (1816-1827) 1875).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0022", "comment": "The Russian Empire destroyed a single village demonstratively, in order to terrorize the rest of the Nokhchi into abandoning their lands. Imperial historian Potto writes that general Yermolov decided to clear the Kumyk plain, \u201cforcing the Chechens to withdraw\u2026 beyond the Kachkalyk mountain ridge,\u201d and they could be compelled to do so \u201conly by an example of terror,\u201d and the aul of Dadi-Yurt \u201cwas chosen as the expiatory sacrifice\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007). Yermolov himself admits this calculation in his \u201cNotes\u201d: \u201conly an example of terror can compel them to remove their wives,\u201d and after the destruction of the aul \u201cthe example of Dadan-Yurt spread terror everywhere\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Demonstrative destruction of the aul of Dadi-Yurt and the erection of the Vnezapnaya fortress to force the Nokhchi off the Kumyk plain (1819)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}