{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831), ATT&CK campaign C1152 (v1.0)", "name": "Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831) (C1152)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0053", "comment": "At dawn on December 19, 1830, during the seizure of the village of Dzulgai-Yurt, Cossacks of General Velyaminov's detachment captured the family of a resistance leader \u2014 the Karabulak chieftain Astemir, who himself managed to escape into the forest. The imperial historian Potto wrote: \u201chis family \u2014 a young son, a daughter, a grandson, and a cousin \u2014 fell into the hands of the Cossacks. Besides them, thirty-nine people were taken prisoner\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0121", "comment": "In December 1830 \u2013 January 1831, General Velyaminov's troops deliberately destroyed the winter stores of food and fodder of the villages being devastated. The imperial historian Potto wrote: during the burning of Edin-Yurt and Daut-Yurt, the troops \u201cdestroyed enormous stores of harvested hay\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006); on January 17, 1831, Geldigen was put to the torch \u201cwith all its stores\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006). The destruction of hay and grain stores in the depths of winter condemned the inhabitants, who had fled to the mountains and forests, to famine.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0159", "comment": "In the autumn of 1830, General Velyaminov introduced collective property levies on Chechen villages that bore no responsibility for the actions of others: for the driving off by Chechens of ten head of cattle from the stanitsa of Chervlennaya, he \u201cimmediately ordered that ten head of cattle likewise be taken from the inhabitants of the two villages of Braguny and Novy-Yurt, past which the party had traveled, and returned to the Cossacks\u201d; for the driving off of a herd of horses in the Nogai steppe, \u201cBraguny once again paid with exactly the same number of head\u201d; and Shakh-Girei, the owner of Novy-Yurt, was confined to a casemate \u2014 a prison cell of the Groznaya fortress \u2014 for the inaction of the village watch. This was recorded by the imperial historian Potto(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0140", "comment": "In January 1831, General Velyaminov's troops cut a clearing and cleared a road through the forest between the settlement of Aldy and the Groznaya fortress, depriving the inhabitants of forest cover for the sake of a military passage to the south. The imperial historian Potto wrote: Velyaminov \u201cset about cutting a clearing and clearing a road between Aldy and Groznaya in order to prepare for himself a secure gateway to the south\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006). On January 21, 1831, Mairtup was exterminated \u201cwith its luxuriant gardens and plantations\u201d \u2014 orchards of many years' standing, the foundation of the village's way of life, were destroyed(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0104", "comment": "At dawn on December 19, 1830, Cossacks of General Velyaminov's detachment, having burst into the sleeping village of Dzulgai-Yurt, cut down the inhabitants caught unawares. The imperial historian Potto recorded: \u201cthirty-nine people were taken prisoner, and about twelve were cut down. The rest, having taken cover in the forest, opened an exchange of fire\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006). Those cut down were inhabitants overtaken during the sudden nighttime seizure of the village; armed resistance was mounted later only by those who managed to reach the forest.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0164", "comment": "In December 1830, during the encirclement of the village of Daut-Martan, the troops of General Velyaminov appropriated the property of the fleeing inhabitants: the imperial historian Potto records that \"the inhabitants managed to flee, but all their property became the booty of the detachment\"(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0077", "comment": "From December 18, 1830 to January 26, 1831, General Velyaminov conducted a sweeping march through lowland Chechnya as punishment of the people for supporting the resistance, systematically devastating villages from the Sunzha River to the Kachkalyk Ridge. The imperial historian Potto wrote of the method: Velyaminov \u201cwould usually mark out a point toward which he advanced unswervingly with his entire detachment, and then, upon reaching it, immediately set up camp and established a fortified wagenburg (a camp enclosed by wagons), from which the troops were dispatched in turn in small columns to exterminate the neighboring auls\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006). Potto acknowledges the outcome of the campaign: \u201cthe whole of lowland Chechnya, traversed through and through as far as the Kochalyk Ridge, was put to fire and sword by Velyaminov\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0105", "comment": "In December 1830 \u2013 January 1831, General Velyaminov's troops razed and burned the villages of lowland Chechnya: Kiter-Yurt, Pkhan-Kichu, Edin-Yurt, Daut-Yurt, Engeli, Uzeken-Yurt, Besenber with its hamlets, Avtury, Geldigen, and Mairtup with the surrounding auls. The imperial historian Potto wrote: Kiter-Yurt \u201cwas immediately given over to the flames,\u201d \u201cover the following two days the Butyrsky and Tarutinsky regiments burned the village of Pkhan-Kichu,\u201d \u201calong the way they burned two more unsubmissive villages: Edin-Yurt and Daut-Yurt,\u201d the troops \u201cmanaged to exterminate one more aul, Engeli,\u201d the regiments \u201cburned the unsubmissive village of Uzeken-Yurt,\u201d \u201cexterminated in the vicinity the aul of Besenber, with all the hamlets adjoining it,\u201d and on January 21, 1831, \u201cthe same fate befell Maiortup itself\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006). The submission offered by the villages of Avtury, Geldigen, and Mairtup, together with the handing over of hostages, Velyaminov rejected, demanding the impossible \u2014 the surrender of all Russian captives and fugitives \u2014 in order to preserve a pretext for exterminating the villages: submission, as Potto admits, \u201cwas not at all part of Velyaminov's designs, as he understood the necessity of punishing these auls cruelly\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Burning of Lowland Chechnya by Velyaminov's Expedition: Demolition of Villages from the Sunzha to Mairtup, Seizure of Astemir's Family, Collective Penalties Imposed on Chechen Villages, the Cutting Down of Fleeing Inhabitants of Dzulgai-Yurt, and Destruction of Winter Stores (1830-1831)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}