{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Coercion of Devastated Zandak into Subordination and Tribute by Colonel Pullo (1836), ATT&CK campaign C1157 (v1.0)", "name": "Coercion of Devastated Zandak into Subordination and Tribute by Colonel Pullo (1836) (C1157)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0147", "comment": "On 27 August 1836, Colonel Pullo accepted at the Groznaya fortress the forced \"submission\" of the aul of Zandak on the Yaman-su river, devastated by his detachment on 23 August 1836 (campaign C1156). The subordination was engineered by the devastation itself: in a report to General Petrov dated 27 August 1836, Pullo admitted: \"Being certain that the inhabitants of Zandak, following the common custom of the Chechens, would ask for submission after punishment, and considering such submission useful for the government, I did not order the village burned\"(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). The same report recorded the state in which the village went to its subordination: the devastation \"brought both the inhabitants of the village and all those living in its vicinity into fear and despondency\"(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). The elders sent \"a plea to be accepted into submission to the Russian government\", and subjecthood was formalized on terms dictated by the empire: loyalty, a complete break with Tashu-Hadji, the leader of the Chechen resistance, a ban on assemblies, the handover of Russian captives in exchange for the inhabitants of Zandak seized during the devastation, and the established tribute(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). Rozen recorded the fact and the date of the formalization in a dispatch to the Minister of War: \"On 27 August the Zandak elders appeared before the commander of the Sunzha Line declaring their submission, which was accepted from them in the established order\"(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VIII (1831-1837) 1881).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0056", "comment": "On 27 August 1836, Colonel Pullo imposed tribute on the aul of Zandak on the Yaman-su river, devastated by his detachment on 23 August 1836 (campaign C1156): payment of tribute became a condition for accepting the crushed village's \"submission\". In a report to General Petrov dated 27 August 1836, Pullo recorded the obligation accepted by the elders at the Groznaya fortress: \"to pay, on a par with the Aukhovites and other submissive tribes, the established tribute\"(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). The tribute was not the village's counter-offer but the empire's standing norm for taxing the societies it deemed \"submissive\"; refusal would have meant the return of the \"avenging arms of the Russians\" - the village had just survived devastation, the captivity of its inhabitants, and the seizure of its livestock(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Coercion of Devastated Zandak into Subordination and Tribute by Colonel Pullo (1836)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}