{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by First World War in Chechnya: removal of the \"unreliable element\" into the \"Savage Division\", extraordinary security and mobilization of strikers (1914-1917), ATT&CK campaign C1189 (v1.1)", "name": "First World War in Chechnya: removal of the \"unreliable element\" into the \"Savage Division\", extraordinary security and mobilization of strikers (1914-1917) (C1189)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0101", "comment": "On 16 August 1914, three days after placing the Terek oblast under \"extraordinary security\", the Russian Empire introduced in the oblast a provisional statute on military censorship(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005)(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0418\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0049", "comment": "In May 1916 the Russian Empire mobilized into the army the striking workers of the Grozny oil fields - those who held a deferral from military service and took part in the strike. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: \"an order was issued on the immediate mobilization of all Grozny workers holding a deferral from military service and taking part in the strike\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The strike began with a wage dispute: on 12 May the workers handed the Council of the Congress of Terek Oil Industrialists written demands for a wage rise of 50% on average, on 21 May at two in the afternoon the oil fields stopped at the alarm whistles of the plants, and on 31 May, the same historians write, \"the workers everywhere began to return to work\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Those already recruited did not want to fight either: of the one and a half thousand men of the fourth draft of the \"Savage Division\" training in the reserve regiment, only 553 reached the combat units - the rest the military command returned to the Caucasus \"in view of their 'unreliability'\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0032", "comment": "On 13 August 1914 the Russian Empire placed the Terek oblast under the regime of \"extraordinary security\" - an imperial regime that handed the residents over to the extrajudicial powers of the administration - and then the oblast administration issued an order \"on the protection of tranquility at the enterprises\", under which the fate of \"violators of tranquility\" was decided by military courts(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). How this worked can be seen from the strike of May 1916 at the Grozny oil fields: the administration brought armed Cossacks onto the fields, they arrested 13 workers, and, as historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov remark, \"all those arrested turned out to be Muslims\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The police arrested nine more workers on the first day of the strike - for sounding the alarm whistles of the plants(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0021", "comment": "With the start of the world war in 1914 the Russian Empire carried off to the front from Chechnya those it considered dangerous. The Chechen writer Kh. D. Oshaev, a native of the Vozdvizhenskaya settlement and a witness of the events, wrote: \"As after 1905, the viceroyalty in the Caucasus decided, during the war, to remove from Chechnya all the unreliable element that had no employment for its hands and that could bring the tsarist administration much trouble 'in life's hard minute'. Those hiding from the authorities who expressed the wish to go to war were amnestied\"(Citation: \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 1928). For this the empire in 1914 created the Caucasus Native Cavalry Division, nicknamed the \"Savage Division\", - six national regiments of highlanders, four mounted sotnias each: the Chechen, Dagestani, Ingush, Kabardian, Tatar and Circassian(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The same goal was later named by General Denikin, who in the Civil War headed the Volunteer Army that occupied Chechnya in 1919 (campaign C1174): \"It was all but the striving to remove the most restless elements from the territory of the Caucasus that was the sole reason for this formation\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Those who remained the empire kept under reinforced garrisons - Kh. D. Oshaev wrote: \"During the war the garrisons of the fortifications of Vedeno, Shatoy and Vozdvizhenskaya were enlarged; hundreds of cartloads of provisions, weapons and munitions filled the depots of these fortifications in the very first days of the war\"(Citation: \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 1928). In August 1916 the soldiers of the Ossetian foot divizion (a battalion-sized unit) training at the Vozdvizhenskaya fortress refused to carry out orders and dragged out their dispatch to the front; the military command transferred an infantry battalion from Grozny, and on 26 August it fired on the protest - historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: \"16 were killed and over 30 soldiers of the divizion wounded\"; some of those who fled took shelter in Chechen auls and homes(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005)(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0418\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438 1991). For instigation the imperial administration arrested two residents of Starye Atagi - Murda Khamidov and Dzhabrail Tolgaev; the same historians write: \"Both were sentenced to death and escaped it only thanks to the February Revolution of 1917\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0056", "comment": "From the formation of the Chechen regiment in 1914 the Russian Empire laid its upkeep on the Chechen communities themselves: the full equipment of each horseman cost 300 rubles, and it was paid not by the treasury but by the village communities that had recommended the man into the regiment. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: \"the upkeep of the national regiments lay as a heavy burden on the peasant-highlanders\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). State funds did not suffice for the rest either: the new horses assembled to replenish the division in the autumn of 1916 were, as the same historians write, \"very poor\", and the division's command sought the allocation of funds to buy horses(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by First World War in Chechnya: removal of the \"unreliable element\" into the \"Savage Division\", extraordinary security and mobilization of strikers (1914-1917)", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}