{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Regular Army, ATT&CK software S0010 (v1.1)", "name": "Regular Army (S0010)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0053", "comment": "The Russian Empire led the Nokhchi who survived the destruction of an aul away as captives into its own territory. General Yermolov himself writes in his \u201cNotes\u201d that women and children \u201cwere taken prisoner numbering up to one hundred and forty\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991), and the imperial historian Potto confirms this(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007). Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that during the crossing of the captives over the Terek, 46 captured girls, \u201cnot wishing to endure abuse in captivity,\u201d perished, \u201cdragging their guards with them into the turbulent river\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0146", "comment": "The overseers appointed by the empire over the auls (the pristavs), within the amanat-and-tribute system of Pullo, commander of the left flank of the Caucasus Line (a chain of imperial fortifications on the land of the Nokhchi), systematically robbed the inhabitants of the seized auls of Chechnya under the guise of collections. The imperial historian Yurov described the mechanism - the pristavs lived off exactions, since \"not all pristavs received a salary\": from the Chechens, \"under the pretext of collecting tributes and fines, the best weapons were taken away, and other entirely harmless but valuable articles of everyday use; it happened that people innocent of anything were arrested at the prompting of simple and often ill-intentioned interpreters... and during expeditions forced collections were permitted\"(Citation: 1840, 1841 \u0438 1842-\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 1886). The empire knew and would not listen: the historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write from archival documents that two Chechen elders brought to the Kabardian prince Bekovich-Cherkassky, who served the empire and was influential on the Terek river, \"a petition drawn up on behalf of many Chechens, in which they complain of the oppressions and injustices of major-general Pullo\" - the prince refused to accept the petition(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005); according to Yurov, the Chechens \"had prepared a petition against him, but did not dare to set it in motion for fear that this general would remain their superior as before\"(Citation: 1840, 1841 \u0438 1842-\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 1886). The empire's survey \"The Region in Political and Military Respects\", sent by the empire's Minister of War Chernyshev to general Neidhardt, who soon headed the empire's troops in the Caucasus, on 2 April 1842, summed it up: \"taking advantage of the abuses, the exactions and the indignation arising from the confiscation of weapons, Shamil little by little stirred all Chechnya to revolt\" (Shamil - imam, leader of the resistance of the highlanders of Dagestan and Chechnya to the Russian conquest)(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0017", "comment": "The seizure and incorporation into the empire of Right-Bank Ukraine, Volhynia, and Podillia: Russia received \"the Kyiv, Bratslav, and Podillia voivodeships and the eastern half of the Volhynian voivodeship,\" and under the third partition \u2013 \"the western part of the Volhynian voivodeship, the western parts of the Kholm land and the Belz voivodeship\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0121", "comment": "The Russian Empire condemned the Nokhchi inhabitants to famine by ravaging their villages, crops, and stores. Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that after Yermolov's campaign, deprived of shelter and food, \u00abpeople were dying of hunger, cold, and disease\u00bb(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0015", "comment": "The Russian Empire bought the loyalty of Nokhchi elders in order to use them to bring recalcitrant villages into subjecthood. The commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, instructed the Andreyevo elder Hadji-Redjeb to incline the villages \u201cinto submission and subjecthood,\u201d and assigned a salary to the Chechen uzden Bik-Bulat \u2014 \u201cI persuaded the Chechen uzden Bik-Bulat\u2026 to whom I said\u2026 a salary of 300 r. in silver per year\u201d; for winning over the remaining villages, \u201cabout 3,000 r. in silver for bringing them into loyal subjecthood\u201d was allocated(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869). The same bribery, from the Nokhchi side, is recorded by the historian D. A. Khozhaev: through the intermediary Hadji-Redjeb, in the name of the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, the very head of the Chechen resistance, Beibulat Taimiev, was won over and took \u201can oath of fidelity of subjecthood to Russia,\u201d while Hadji-Redjeb asked the generals for another 3000 rubles in silver \u201cfor bringing the remaining unpacified Chechen villages into loyal subjecthood\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0159", "comment": "On 29 June 1919 the central organ of the colonial administration of Ukraine (the VUTsIK) resolved: \"To take the most energetic measures to suppress kulak uprisings and the actions of bands, applying the imposition of contributions on rebellious localities and the taking of hostages\"; the resolution was signed for the chairman of that organ by Polozov and by its secretary Lapchinsky(Citation: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0423\u0426\u0418\u041a \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 1919). Under this resolution it was not the one who rose who had to answer - in money and in hostages - but the whole locality at once.\n\nBy the end of the year Moscow fixed the practice for the entire army: on 11 December 1919 Trotsky, war minister of the RSFSR, and Kamenev, commander-in-chief of the RSFSR armed forces, signed secret order No. 579 - every army \"undertakes, in its area of operations, to disarm the population with the help of all means at its disposal (agitation, agent intelligence, payment for surrendered weapons in money and in kind, house-to-house searches, fines in money and in kind, collective responsibility, the hostage system, the shooting of culprits, etc., etc.),\" and the order, as stated in it, applies \"first of all to the armies entering Ukraine\"(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2116 579 \u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 1919).\n\nOn 26 July 1919 Skrypnyk, plenipotentiary of the same administration's Defence Council, telegraphed from the area of Zeleny's uprising - in the same words as the orders: \"The uprising of the peasants of the Trypillia district has been suppressed... there now remains... the exaction from it of all the expenses borne by the workers' and peasants' state for the suppression,\" specifying: \"It is necessary to carry out the exaction in produce, the exaction from the peasants of the expenses caused by the uprising\"(Citation: \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u041d. \u0410. \u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 1919). In Mohyliv-Podilskyi, which Soviet troops captured on 5 April 1919 without a fight, the town was at once subjected to a forced payment - a telegram to the Bureau of the Ukrainian Press over the signature of Ivanitsky reported: \"there is exemplary order in the town, with which even the bourgeoisie is content, despite the imposed contribution of one and a half million\"(Citation: \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u041c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430-\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0411\u044e\u0440\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 1919). The reports of the Special Investigative Commission attached to the Whites' command (the AFSR) record of Odesa: \"400 people have been sent to forced labour for non-payment of contributions,\" and of Izium in Kharkiv province: \"eyewitnesses told of the wholesale robbery of families whose relatives had gone over to the 'Kadets'\"(Citation: \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0440 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b 2004).\n\nIn Fastiv in Kyiv province the forced payment imposed on the town under the Soviet authority was paid by the Jewish community - Kh. Hofman, an officer of the Editorial Board, the body collecting testimony on the pogroms, recorded: \"The entire imposed contribution was paid almost wholly by the Jews, notwithstanding that they are poorer and considerably fewer than the Christians. Many Jews were taken hostage, sat long in prison, many had to leave Fastiv altogether\"(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0425. \u0413\u043e\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431. 1919).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0150", "comment": "In 1836, corps commander Rosen sent covert topographers through Chechnya for the clandestine surveying of the land that had not submitted. In a report to the emperor, Rosen acknowledges: \u201cin 1836, to survey the direct route leading from Kakheti to Chechnya, a topographer was sent who, having crossed the snow ridge, came out onto the Caucasian Line at the fortress of Groznaya, and from there, through Chechnya and the lands of the Kistins and the Didois, returned to Kakheti\u201d; at the same time \u201cI sent from Vladikavkaz Ensign Prince Utsmiev of the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment with a topographer, through Chechnya, to Andia\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VIII (1831-1837) 1881). Rosen named the method outright: \u201ccovert surveys of the lands of the mountaineers hostile to us\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VIII (1831-1837) 1881).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0139", "comment": "The deployment of a network of military bases (Novobohorodytska, Kamianyi Zaton) near the Zaporozhian Sich. Under the pretext of protection, Moscow was establishing rigid military control: \"The Zaporozhians... put forward the destruction of Kamianyi Zaton as a condition for any oath of allegiance\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011)(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0013", "comment": "In 1836, the command of the Russian Caucasus Corps sent the hired preacher Taj ad-Din Mustafin, paid by the treasury, to the Groznaya fortress to undermine the influence of Tashu-Hadji (sheikh, imam of Chechnya in 1834-1836, spiritual and military leader of the Chechen resistance) - a spiritual track running parallel to the punitive military actions against the villages that had harbored Tashu-Hadji (campaign C1158). The goal was stated in the source: \"with the aim of undermining the spiritual influence\" of Tashu-Hadji \"and reducing the effectiveness of the preaching of ghazawat\" (ghazawat - the highlanders' war for independence from the Russian conquest)(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The agent \"had managed to make a trip to the lowland societies of Dagestan\" when Tashu-Hadji, by letter, \"under threat of death forbade him to appear on Chechen territory\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005); the response is cited by the historian Pokrovsky: \"I instruct you that you shall not travel about in these lands without our permission, and if you are not foolish, you should withdraw before harm is done to you\"(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0141", "comment": "The squeezing of the Chechens out of the mountains was built on depriving them of the means of life - and the empire wrote about this openly. Vorontsov, viceroy and commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, reported to Minister of War Chernyshev in an official letter (otnosheniye) of 25 October 1847: \"constrained in their means of life, seeing their constant failures, the Chechens waver, and a large number of families are already resettling into our bounds\"(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). General Sleptsov, in a report of 4 October 1850, built on this a calculation for the future: the mountain communities, \"constrained by our future settlements in the valley, ... will inevitably follow the example of their compatriots\" - that is, they too would come down to the fortifications(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c X (1844-1854) 1885).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0153", "comment": "In 1836, the command of the Russian Caucasus Corps under General Rozen established under its own control the post of spiritual leader of all the Sunnis of the Caucasus, and appointed to it the hired Kazan efendi (Muslim theologian) Taj ad-Din Mustafin, maintained at the treasury's expense - an attempt to tie the Sunni clergy of the colonized peoples, including the Nokhchi, to a figure subordinate to the empire. The historian N. I. Pokrovsky wrote: \"a broad project emerges for subordinating the entire mountain Sunni clergy to a special spiritual person\"; the task set was \"to turn the highlanders onto the true path, subordinate them to the Russian government, and destroy or hand over Shamil to us alive\" (Shamil - imam, leader of the Dagestani and Chechen highlanders' resistance to the Russian conquest)(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f 2009). Only the establishment of the post, the appointment, and the preacher's years-long payment took place; subordinating the clergy did not succeed: \"The preacher did not dare to show himself in the mountains\"(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f 2009). The empire wound down the project only six years later: Golovin, who succeeded Rozen, agreed to release Mustafin based on a report by Minister of War Chernyshev of 13 November 1841 - \"the teaching of Tajudin Effendi over the course of 6 years did not change the highlanders' attitude toward us in the slightest\"(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0006", "comment": "On 31 July 1925 the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR explained the operation being prepared by the properties of an entire people - the order says: \"The Chechen oblast is a hotbed of criminal banditry spreading to the districts neighboring Chechnya... In their mass the Chechens are inclined to banditry as the main source of easy gain, which is furthered by the presence of a large quantity of weapons. Mountain Chechnya is a refuge for the most hardened enemies of Soviet power\"(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2015). The label from the order passed into the operation's working nomenclature: the instruction of 4 August 1925, approved by Uborevich, commander of the North Caucasus Military District, Volodin, member of the district's Revolutionary Military Council, and Yevdokimov, plenipotentiary representative of the OGPU (the political police, a predecessor of today's FSB) for the krai, puts people in one row with rifles and \"removes\" them with a single verb - point 8 of the instruction reads: \"If the conditions of the surrender of weapons are fulfilled, no house-to-house search is conducted, and only the bandit and vicious element is removed\"(Citation: \u041e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 2022). Thus criminality was declared a property of the people, and its men - an \"element\" subject to removal.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0117", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0127", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire drove the population of the destroyed villages off their lands, which passed into the conqueror\u2019s possession. Historian D. A. Khozhayev records that the inhabitants of the eight villages near Groznaya were \u201cdriven off the lands\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Imperial general Yermolov wrote to Emperor Alexander I that if the population refused to submit, they would be offered \u201cto withdraw and join the other brigands,\u201d and then \u201call the lands will remain at our disposal\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0163", "comment": "After capturing Alkhan-Yurt at the end of March 1919 the Volunteer Army for a month did not let the residents bury their dead - historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: \"As a punishment for the stubborn resistance, the White command for the course of a month did not permit the bodies of the village's fallen defenders to be committed to the earth\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0140", "comment": "The Russian Empire cut down the forests of the Nokhchi to strip their villages of natural protection and open a path for the troops. The imperial historian Potto writes that the \u201cdense forest\u201d stretching from the Argun to the Dzhalka, which served as \u201can obstacle to the destruction of the Germenchug fields and pastures,\u201d was cut through in three days by a wide clearing \u201copening onto a large glade on which stood Germenchug and a multitude of auls\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 2. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0108", "comment": "The introduction of the \"blackboard\" regime - a total economic blockade of settlements. The resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR and the CC of the CP(b)U of December 6, 1932, signed by Chubar and Kosior, prescribed \"the immediate cessation of the delivery of goods, the complete cessation of cooperative and state trade on site, and the removal of all available goods from the respective cooperative and state shops,\" as well as \"a complete ban on kolkhoz trade both for kolkhozes and kolkhoz members and for individual farmers\"(Citation: \u041e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043b, \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 1932).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0038", "comment": "By the regulation of August 2, 1829, Commander-in-Chief Paskevich locked the Chechens' access to trade onto a commissar appointed by the empire: travel to imperial territory was permitted only with tickets (written passes) \u2014 \"To him is also granted the right to issue tickets to the said Chechens for travel into our domains on trade business\"(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VII (1827-1831) 1878). In practice, the pass system was supplemented by arbitrariness: Chechen society wrote to Paskevich on November 21, 1829 that Engelhardt and Khasai-Musa \"order their subordinates to place under arrest all those Chechens who come to them with tickets from Shahbaz,\" while those obedient to Khasai-Musa act so \"that we may thereby be deprived of the means of sustenance\"(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VII (1827-1831) 1878).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0052", "comment": "Large-scale looting of state arsenals and the treasury during the punitive raid on the autonomy's capital: \"Menshikov managed to remove part of the artillery\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007)(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011); the remaining guns were blown up and the city burned.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0120", "comment": "Units of the Volunteer Army (the \"Whites\") captured the town of Fastiv in Kyiv province on 25 August 1919 (7 September by the modern calendar) - and on the same day began robbing the inhabitants of the town's Jewish quarters. Pakhomov, the Whites' temporary commandant, having received 25,000 roubles from a Jewish delegation, promised to take measures but refused to stop the violence at once, explaining why: \"since the troops are greatly embittered against the Jews.\" The Whites' garrison was commanded by Belogortsev. The Whites killed on a schedule: \"Towards evening all the Cossacks, regulars and partisans separately, were usually assembled for roll-call. After roll-call and prayer they scattered in groups across the town 'to work.'\" Those fleeing were caught on the railway: \"Many were taken off trains along the way and led into the forest to be shot\"(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0425. \u0413\u043e\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431. 1919).\n\nWhen a Russian delegation came to the commandant asking him to stop the pogrom, because the Russian population had begun to suffer from it too, he asked: \"And who is doing the robbing?\" - and, on hearing that the Russian population was also taking part, replied: \"And later they will say it was the Cossacks who robbed\"(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0425. \u0413\u043e\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431. 1919). On 23 September 1919 Kundo, the Whites' commandant in Fastiv, issued order No. 2 declaring everything settled: \"I add that measures for the protection of order in the townlet were taken long ago, all apprehensions are entirely groundless. Of all cases of robbery, violence and requisitions I request immediate notification to the commandant's office\"(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0412\u0421\u042e\u0420 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431. \u2116 2 1919).\n\nRabinovich, a commissioner of the Russian Red Cross, described the result of the three days thus: \"The pogrom, like a tornado, destroyed, burned and scattered the greater half of the town... From the smouldering ruins of the fires bodies of those burned in the houses were still being recovered\"(Citation: \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413. \u0418. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 1919). By 30 September 1919, 600 killed, 100 burned and 315 wounded had been counted in Fastiv - out of eight thousand Jewish inhabitants of the town, and the figure was incomplete: \"there are far more killed, since to this day bodies are being found in the woods\"(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0425. \u0413\u043e\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431. 1919).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0118", "comment": "Total massacre of the civilian population: \"Funck slaughtered more than a thousand people in the small town of Terey (Tereyska sloboda) and burned the town down, and also burned Dryhalov (Nedryhailiv)\u2026 and ordered everyone encountered to be killed, so as to instill horror in others\"(Citation: \u0421\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 12 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 10 1959). \"In total, about 15 thousand Ukrainians died in the Baturyn tragedy, including all the women and children\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007)(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0028", "comment": "Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes about the surrender of Alibek-Haji and his naibs (naib - a district governor appointed by the authorities) in November 1877: \"The head of the Terek oblast, General Prince Loris-Melikov, deceived them, giving his word of honor that all who turned themselves in would be pardoned\"(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Alibek-Haji's secretary Goytukin Rasu, an eyewitness, recorded the mechanism of the deception: Alibek was told \"that if he came to the authorities in peace, he would keep his freedom. Trusting their words... he presented himself to the commandant of the Vedeno fortress. The commandant at once ordered him seized and, having shackled his legs and arms in irons, sent him to the town jail\"(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Those who surrendered were tried by a field court-martial and executed.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0155", "comment": "On 26 May 1919, at the height of the uprising of Ukrainian peasants under Hryhoriv against the Soviet authority, Lenin, head of the RSFSR government, telegraphed to Kyiv to Rakovsky, head of the colonial administration of Ukraine (the UkrSSR), and to Kharkiv to Mezhlauk, its deputy war minister: \"Decree and carry into effect the complete disarming of the population, shoot on the spot mercilessly for any concealed rifle. The whole crux of the moment: a quick victory in the Donbas, the collection of all rifles from the villages, the creation of a solid army\"; he ordered the telegram read \"to all prominent Bolsheviks\"(Citation: \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0412. \u0418. \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0425. \u0413. \u0420\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0412. \u0418. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u043b\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0443 1919). A day earlier Antonov-Ovseenko, commander of the RSFSR's Ukrainian Front, had ordered the armies \"to disarm the local population\" in their areas of operation(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2116 68 \u043e \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044e\u0440\u044b \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430 1919).\n\nIn secret order No. 579 of 11 December 1919 Trotsky, war minister of the RSFSR, named the goal in a single clause - \"the unconditional and universal disarming of the village population\" of Ukraine was declared \"the basic condition of success\"(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2116 579 \u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 1919).\n\nOn 26 July 1919 Skrypnyk, plenipotentiary of the same administration's Defence Council, telegraphed on the course of the disarmament from the Trypillia district: \"The disarming of the population is carried out by searches; all those guilty of concealing weapons and war materiel are handed over to the field revtribunal [the Bolsheviks' military court]\"(Citation: \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u041d. \u0410. \u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 1919).\n\nIn the village of Tiutkovychi in Rivne district on 6 July 1919 an assembly of village representatives, in the presence of Soviet military commissar Senichkin, resolved to surrender \"rifles, machine guns, cartridges\" and asked \"to leave the population 15 rifles and cartridges for the defence of the population against bandits\"; in the same protocol the assembly complained that Soviet soldiers were taking property arbitrarily, without a warrant(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434. \u0422\u044e\u0442\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0438 1919).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0049", "comment": "The dispatch of Cossack regiments to distant theaters of war (the Baltic lands, Poland), which led to their exhaustion. The troops were \"wearied by year-round military service, impoverished, dismounted, destitute\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011)(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0157", "comment": "Suppressing the uprising of 1840, the empire demanded of the Chechens a public renunciation of resistance. General Grabbe, commander of the troops of the Caucasus Line (the chain of imperial fortifications on the land of the Nokhchi), in an appeal to the insurgents of 14 June 1840 demanded repentance: \"Come to your senses and save yourselves now by sincere repentance and immediate submission\" (\"submission\" - the imperial formula of subordination)(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). The next day, 15 June 1840, he issued the \"Conditions prescribed to submitting highlanders\", whose point 8 prescribed that the insurgent auls \"renounce all participation in the pernicious teaching of Shamil\" (Shamil - the imam, leader of the resistance of the highlanders of Dagestan and Chechnya to the Russian conquest; \"pernicious teaching\" - the imperial label for muridism, the religious movement of the resistance)(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0147", "comment": "The Russian Empire compelled the Nokhchi communities by force of arms to swear an oath of subjecthood. After the devastation of the villages, the commander of the Caucasus Line, General Bulgakov, presented the Chechen people with a resolution by which the elders declared: \u201cwe submit ourselves with the whole Chechen people\u2026 into eternal loyal subjecthood\u2026 in witness whereof we give an oath according to our custom on the Holy Quran,\u201d and for any violation the people subjected itself \u201cto the strictest punishment and to the devastation of our dwellings without resistance\u201d; the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, reported that the Chechens had been \u201ccompletely subdued by force of arms and brought to an oath of eternal fidelity of subjecthood\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0156", "comment": "The \"Conditions prescribed to submitting highlanders\", issued by general Grabbe, commander of the troops of the Caucasus Line (the chain of imperial fortifications on the land of the Nokhchi), on 15 June 1840, obliged the Chechen auls to refuse shelter to members of the resistance and to hand over people who had escaped the empire's power. Point 8 prescribed: \"Not to give refuge in their auls to abreks, murids and unsubdued highlanders\" (abrek - the imperial label for a highlander declared an outlaw; murids - the imam's disciples and warriors); point 11: \"To hand over all Russian prisoners and runaways staying in the mountains\" - by runaways the empire meant its own soldiers and serfs who had gone over to the highlanders(Citation: \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 20-50 \u0433\u0433. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 1959). Handovers went on even before the decree, under the pressure of the winter expeditions: the imperial historian Yurov recorded of the outcome of the December 1839 march of general Pullo, commander of the left flank of the Caucasus Line, through Lesser Chechnya (the lowland-piedmont western part of Chechnya): \"97 abreks, 7 prisoners and two runaways were handed over\", and of the January 1840 march along the Michik river - the auls \"handed over 30 abreks\"(Citation: 1840, 1841 \u0438 1842-\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 1886).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0099", "comment": "As a guarantee of submission, the occupation administration detained representatives of the Nokhchi elite: historian E. N. Kusheva writes that \u00abhis nephew Batai was left as an amanat (hostage) in the Terek town\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0041", "comment": "After forcing the signing of the treaty, Moscow moved to the direct occupation of the autonomy's living space. The articles codified the expansion of the military presence: \"besides Kyiv, tsarist voivodes were introduced into Pereiaslav, Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Bratslav, and Uman\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011) \u2013 garrisons headed by voivodes ensured physical control over the territory from within.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0001", "comment": "On 31 July 1925 the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, in the order justifying the operation to disarm Chechnya, declared the Chechens incapable of proper farming: \"The rich lands granted to the Chechens on the plain after the revolution are not used by them in full; they run their agriculture in backward forms, are not industrious\"(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2015). The accusation stands in a military order as one of the grounds for sending in troops: the lands were \"granted\" to the people by the authorities themselves, their way of farming was declared backward by the same authorities, and the conclusion drawn from this assessment was a military operation. Historian T. U. Elbuzdukayeva, who publishes the order, also cites its continuation: \"political indications\" had ripened - the population's weariness of war and the demand to fight \"banditry\"(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2015) - that is, even by the document's own logic the war was to be waged not on economic backwardness, yet it is backwardness that is set down as a justification.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0007", "comment": "In 1830, during an ongoing earthquake, General Rozen 4th, who commanded the troops on the left flank of the Caucasus Line (the eastern section of the empire's fortified border along the Terek and Sunzha rivers), on the orders of commander-in-chief Paskevich sent proclamations out to the auls, instilling in the people an artificial picture of the world: the natural disaster was declared God's punishment for resisting the empire. The historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov wrote about how this lie sounded among the Nokhchi: \u201csupporters of the Russian orientation claimed that the earthquake was caused by the wrath of Allah over the attempt at an armed uprising\u201d(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The imperial historian Volkonsky acknowledges the source of the suggestion: the commander-in-chief \u201cordered General Rozen 4th to spread entirely opposite rumors among the people, namely, that the earthquake had been sent down by God upon the Mountain Peoples for their ill-intentioned acts against the Russian government\u201d(Citation: \u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0441 1824 \u043f\u043e 1834 \u0433. \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c 1886). The imperial historian Potto recorded the act: Rozen \u201cresorted to proclamations in which he sought to assure the people that the earthquake had been sent down upon them as punishment for their treason and their ill-intentioned acts against the Russian government\u201d(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0412 5 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0422\u043e\u043c 5. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0443\u043d\u0442 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2006).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0165", "comment": "The targets of the artillery and aviation were often not military objectives but inhabited settlements as such: the instruction of 4 August 1925, approved by Uborevich, commander of the North Caucasus Military District, Volodin, member of the district's Revolutionary Military Council, and Yevdokimov, plenipotentiary representative of the OGPU (the political police, a predecessor of today's FSB) for the krai, prescribed - \"If the population of the aul does not fulfil the demand to surrender weapons in the established time in full, or fulfils it partially, the detachment command, by way of threat, opens artillery fire (or, in the absence of artillery, machine-gun fire) for 10 minutes with high bursts and half-strikes\", and added: \"depending on the situation the warning fire, as a measure of influence, may be opened several times as well\"(Citation: \u041e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 2022); the document names no military objective and no target inside the village at all. Of the 242 disarmed settlements 101 came under rifle, machine-gun and artillery fire, 16 under strikes from the air(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005); by the count of historian E. F. Zhupikova, \"104 one-pud bombs [about 1.7 tonnes] were dropped on the 16 auls where the leaders of the insurgents were hiding\"(Citation: \u041a \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 1920-1925 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 1998). A one-pud aerial bomb is about 16 kilograms, the weight of a round of a modern 120 mm mortar; on average six to seven such bombs fell per aul. The aviation was directed by Petrozhitsky, chief of the district's air force, and historian T. U. Elbuzdukayeva lists the targets by name: \"In the course of the operation the aircraft of the 3rd, and from 6 September also of the 5th aviation detachments delivered air strikes on the auls of Zumsoy, Dai, Tagir Khoy, Akki Bougi, Oshni, Khimoy, Nizheloy, Ragekhoy, Urus-Martan and Nozhay-Yurt\"(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2015). What the \"warning fire\" looked like in a single aul can be seen from the dispatch on Achkhoy-Martan of 25 August 1925: \"15 shrapnel rounds were fired at the aul, first four with a high burst, then to strike. After two Chechen women had been wounded, the inhabitants began to hand over their weapons\"(Citation: \u0418\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u0445\u043e \u0414\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0445\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430: \u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 2021). Historian A. Yu. Lashkov writes of the strike on the aul of Dai: \"Initially, because of heavy fog, the neighboring settlement of Chubakhkimeroy was mistakenly subjected to the air strike\"(Citation: 1925 \u0433\u043e\u0434: \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 2000).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0036", "comment": "Removing Cossack regiments from the Cossack hierarchy and placing them under the direct command of imperial officials: Peter I handed the direction of the Ladoga Canal works to B.-C. M\u00fcnnich, who \"took over from Prince A. Menshikov the direction of the construction (digging) of the Ladoga Canal\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 6 2009); Cossack corps were dispatched to these works \"by order of Tsar Peter I\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0057", "comment": "The forced use of Cossacks to build imperial infrastructure under harsh conditions: \"in the making of fortifications around the Kyiv-Pechersk Monastery\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011)(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0154", "comment": "The amanat-and-tribute system of Pullo, commander of the left flank of the Caucasus Line (a chain of imperial fortifications on the land of the Nokhchi), created within Chechen society a privileged layer with power over its compatriots. The offices of the overseers appointed by the empire over the auls (the pristavs) were handed by the empire to Chechens themselves: the imperial historian Yurov writes that the pristavs \"were chosen predominantly, if not exclusively, from among the militiamen\" - from the highland militia, armed units of highlanders in the empire's service(Citation: 1840, 1841 \u0438 1842-\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 1886). The historian N. I. Pokrovsky showed the mechanics of the split: the office of pristav was unpaid, so only \"certain representatives of strong families\" could take it, and they \"took advantage of the opportunity to use their power for further accumulation\"; \"by creating in Chechnya a local administration, Chechen by nationality, tsarism hoped to create at the same time the Chechen 'aristocracy' it so needed\"(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0428\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u044f 2009). The empire gave part of the society power and privileges over the rest and bound this layer to itself, not to the people: the handing of offices to the \"strong families\" is documented; the calculation of growing a loyal \"aristocracy\" was formulated by the historian N. I. Pokrovsky.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0104", "comment": "The Muravyov massacre of February 1918 after the capture of Kyiv by the Red troops: the EIU characterizes Muravyov as \"the initiator of mass executions in the city,\" and later he was himself arrested on the charge of \"'condoning mass executions and lootings that led to the fall of Soviet power in Ukraine'\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 7 2010). Hrushevsky on the campaign's commander: \"the chief commandant, the former gendarme Muravyov, who in February had boasted of executions of Ukrainians and the ruin of their property\"(Citation: \u0406\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 1921).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0019", "comment": "When covert methods of destabilization proved insufficient, the tsardom moved to open military invasion. The regular Muscovite army tried to subdue the Hetmanate by force, which ended in catastrophe at Konotop. The imperial historian Soloviev admitted: \"The flower of the Muscovite cavalry, which had made the fortunate campaigns of '54 and '55, perished in a single day\u2026 Never again was the tsar of Muscovy able to field such a strong host\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d 1879).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0021", "comment": "A years-long campaign of force against the peasant movement in Podillia: \"In 1833\u201339 a special investigation into the case of Karmaliuk and his associates operated \u2013 the 'Haluzyntsi commission'\u2026 During its activity, about 20 thousand people passed through it as accused or suspected of ties with Karmaliuk\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 4 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0164", "comment": "Solzha (Sunzhenskaya), one of the wealthiest villages, the Russian Empire kept as a source of supply for the fortress of Groznaya, and having seized the village by force, it spent several days carting away its stores. Historian D. A. Khozhayev records the ravaging of Solzha (Sunzhenskaya), as a consequence of which \u201cmost of the peaceful neighboring auls fled into the mountains, and the flourishing banks were left deserted for a long time thereafter\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d that he had earlier ordered the troops to spare the village so that the fortress \u201ccould obtain from it all necessary supplies,\u201d and when the troops seized the village, \u201cgrain, forage, and timber fit for building were carted away for several days\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0152", "comment": "The Russian Empire set neighboring Indigenous peoples against one another so that their mutual enmity would weaken the resistance of each and prevent them from uniting. For the 1807 campaign against the Chechens, the commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, General Gudovich, coerced Kabardians into marching against the Nokhchi: for failure to appear, those \u201cdesignated from the ranks of uzdens and begauls\u201d faced a fine \u201cof 50 r. in silver and 2 oxen.\u201d General Delpozzo reported that he had \u201cinclined the Kabardians to set out on the campaign and to assist together with our troops in punishing the Chechens,\u201d and although \u201cit was very difficult to persuade them,\u201d he gathered over 3,500 men who \u201ccrossed the Terek River and arrived\u2026 at the Sunzha River\u201d against the Chechen and Karabulak villages; at the same time, the Kabardians themselves refused to go directly \u201cagainst the Chechens,\u201d as their co-religionists, agreeing to act only \u201cagainst the Karabulaks alone.\u201d General Gudovich stated the aim of this incitement outright \u2014 \u201cto set these two peoples at odds with each other and bring them into enmity against one another, and thereby weaken them over time\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c III (1806-1809) 1869).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0077", "comment": "The deployment of the regular army to physically destroy the Hetmanate's defiant capital: \"On the morning of November 2, Russian troops burst into Baturyn. After a two-hour battle, the remnants of the garrison were slaughtered together with the entire civilian population\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007)(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011). The town was looted and burned on Peter's direct order - his letter to Menshikov of 5 November 1708: \"and Baturyn, as a mark against the traitors (for they resisted), burn entire, as an example to others\"(Citation: \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0422. VIII, \u0432\u044b\u043f. 1 (\u0438\u044e\u043b\u044c-\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c 1708 \u0433.) 1948).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0037", "comment": "The installation of a government fully controlled by Moscow after the destruction of the capital: the election of the new hetman took place in Peter's presence immediately after the execution of the Baturyn officers \u2013 \"Under the circumstances, the officers simply confirmed Skoropadsky, presented by Peter\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007). Hrushevsky records the mechanics of dependence: \"The hetman's residence was moved from Baturyn to Hlukhiv, right up against the Muscovite border, and two Muscovite regiments were garrisoned there so that the residents could arrest the hetman and the officers at once,\" and \"everyone in Ukraine understood that power lay not with the hetman but with those residents\"(Citation: \u0406\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 1921).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0162", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0102", "comment": "The Regular Army of the Russian Empire shifted the cost of the imposed military service onto the Indigenous population itself. Imperial general Yermolov testifies in his \u201cNotes\u201d that the men levied by requisition were sent out \u201cwith their own arms and at their own expense\u201d(Citation: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0410.\u041f. \u0415\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. 1798-1826 \u0433\u0433. 1991).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0142", "comment": "The Russian Empire drove the Nokhchi from the lowland to clear it for itself and for loyal neighbors, and blocked their return with fortresses. Historian D. A. Khozhaev cites the admission of General Orbeliani that this expulsion was a system applied everywhere: \u201cin all of Chechnya there remained not a single aul, not a single household, that had not been resettled from one place to another several times over\u201d(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1998). General Yermolov himself, in a report to the emperor, admits this with regard to the Kachkalyk Nokhchi: to clear the Aksai riverside he drove them out of it and placed the fortresses of Amir-Adzhi-Yurt and Vnezapnaya in their place, for the sake of \u201cfreeing it [the Aksai] from the Kachkalyks, whom I immediately ordered to be driven out of it; I established the fortress of Vnezapnaya\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VI, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f (1816-1827) 1875).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0109", "comment": "The formalization of the occupation regime through sham procedures. The officers, terrorized by the massacre, were made to vote for the metropole's preferred candidate: \"At the end of this spectacle came the execution of the officers captured in Baturyn, and then the formal election of a new hetman. Under the circumstances, the officers simply confirmed Skoropadsky, presented by Peter\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007)(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0131", "comment": "In the spring of 1829, Commander-in-Chief Paskevich built the governance of Chechnya through the deliberate maintenance of a split of the people into two rival parties \u2014 the Shamkhal party and the Beibulat party. In his instruction of May 16, 1829 to Emanuel, commander of the troops on the Caucasian Line, Paskevich wrote: \"it is not without use for us to have two parties in Chechnya which, both remaining obedient to our government, will through internecine strife be restrained from hostile designs against the Russians\"(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VII (1827-1831) 1878). To this end he dispatched couriers (messengers with a special commission) to the elders of the Beibulat party, instructed Engelhardt, commander of the left flank of the Caucasian Line, to \"assist as far as possible\" in summoning them, and by the regulation of August 2, 1829 placed the son of the Shamkhal of Tarki over the Chechens as commissar(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VII (1827-1831) 1878).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0056", "comment": "In September 1832, corps commander Rosen imposed on the villages of Chechnya and Ichkeria an annual tribute from each household as a condition of being spared. The imperial historian Volkonsky wrote: \u201cfrom the village of Metso-erzo-yurt, amanats (hostages) were taken along with a tribute of one ruble per hearth\u201d; the villages of Eshta-kale and Eyni-kale undertook \u201cto pay henceforth a tribute of 1 ruble per hearth\u201d(Citation: \u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0441 1824 \u043f\u043e 1834 \u0433. \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c 1886). Rosen reported to Minister of War Chernyshev: the village of Gurdali \u201chanded over an amanat and undertook to pay tribute\u201d(Citation: \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e. \u0422\u043e\u043c VIII (1831-1837) 1881). The tribute was exacted from a people whose villages and crops were in those very days being exterminated by the troops.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0022", "comment": "The demonstrative destruction of the city as an act of intimidation for the rest of the country. Peter I personally gave the order: \"and Baturyn, as a sign to the traitors (since they resisted), burn down entirely as an example to others\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007)(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011). Hrushevsky: the Muscovite army, having taken Baturyn \"through the treachery of one man,\" \"dealt terribly with the populace: the people were slaughtered, the town razed to the ground, the commanders given over to terrible tortures\"(Citation: \u0406\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 1921).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0112", "comment": "Deliberate removal of intellectual and historical heritage. The imperial troops did not merely loot \u2014 they seized unique documents: \"Menshikov managed to carry off... the hetman's archive and Mazepa's library\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007)(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0105", "comment": "Complete destruction of the Sich's buildings and neighboring fortifications: \"the neighboring kurins were also burned and slaughtered\"; \"All the buildings were destroyed, as Menshikov wrote: 'To lay waste all their places, so that this treasonous nest be utterly uprooted'\"(Citation: \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0134", "comment": "The use of untrained conscripts as expendable material: they were \"thrown into combat often at once, without undergoing military training in reserve units, sometimes unarmed, not even changed into military uniform (hence the name)\"(Citation: \u00ab\u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0430\u00bb \u044f\u043a \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 2019). The scale is visible from a single episode: \"after the Red Army first took Kharkiv in the spring of 1943, about 15 thousand people aged 15 to 45 were mobilized into it and sent to the front without training,\" with \"1 rifle per 5-10 men\"(Citation: \u00ab\u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0445\u043e\u0442\u0430\u00bb \u044f\u043a \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 2019).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Regular Army", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}