{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Occupation and Controlled Administrations, ATT&CK software S0012 (v1.1)", "name": "Occupation and Controlled Administrations (S0012)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0053", "comment": "Mass unlawful detentions and abductions of civilians in the occupied territories: \"armed groups continued to commit abductions, to subject people to physical and psychological torture and ill-treatment,\" and \"people were abducted for ransom, for forced labor, and for exchange for fighters captured by the Ukrainian authorities\"(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u041e\u041e\u041d \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435 (A/HRC/27/75) 2014).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0146", "comment": "The occupation administration of the Tsardom of Muscovy engaged in systemic lawless arbitrariness against the Indigenous population: the historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that \u00abthe venality and bribe-taking of the voivodes, who permitted themselves great abuses \u2014 all this was far from a new phenomenon\u00bb(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVIII - \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 2002).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0030", "comment": "The oblast was recut in 1862, 1869, 1888 and 1899(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). From 1 May 1888 the Vedeno and Argun okrugs were merged into the Grozny okrug - under the formula quoted by historian Z. Kh. Ibragimova, \"to shield the Cossacks from the 'corrupting' influence of the highlanders\"(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). The Chechen villages on the right bank of the Terek, which were slated for transfer to the Kizlyar and Pyatigorsk otdels (Cossack divisions), were set apart as a special uchastok (sub-district) and temporarily left under the head of the Grozny okrug; the mountain okrugs were divided into uchastoks, while the Cossack otdels were divided by the pattern of manning military units, into sotnias (Cossack hundreds) and regiments(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). From 1 January 1899 the oblast was recut once more: four otdels - Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Kizlyar, Sunzha - and four okrugs: Vladikavkaz, Khasav-Yurt, Nalchik, Grozny(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0005", "comment": "The occupation administration of the Russian Empire stripped the Indigenous population of the status of a legitimate adversary by applying an inversion of meanings: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that lawful defense was labeled with criminal terms, and \u00abThe anti-colonial and anti-feudal uprisings of the population of Chechnya, referred to in official documents as 'mischief', 'robberies', and 'murders', were perceived by the Russian autocracy as a challenge and an insult\u00bb(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVIII \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 2019), which served as a formal pretext for punitive actions.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0015", "comment": "The occupation administration handed out privileges and transferred to loyal Nokhchi leaders power over dependent people in order to win them over to its side: the register of cases of the Posolsky Prikaz for 1645 records a petition from the serving Okotsk murza Chepan Kokhostrov to Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich and a report extract by the central apparatus \u00abon granting him an increase to his salary and possession of the uzdens and \u00abpeople\u00bb of his brother, murza Albir Kokhostrov\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0101", "comment": "On 18 November 1919 the Whites' city administration in Mykolaiv ordered preliminary censorship of printed publications(Citation: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0435 1919). So it was in Kyiv as well: an order of general Mai-Maevsky, head of the Whites' administration, subjected all publications to military censorship - publishing only with the governor's permission, with every issue presented to the prosecutor(Citation: \u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 1919).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0159", "comment": "Following the Chervlyonnaya conferences of 1905-1906 the Russian Empire established a mechanism of circular monetary responsibility: fines on the guilty, \"and in the event of their financial insolvency - the penal sanctions passed to the village community to which the guilty party belonged\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Starye Atagi was fined twice for sheltering its fellow villager, an abrek - 3, then 6 thousand rubles; the same village was ordered, within three days, to hand over \"100 rifles, two thousand cartridges and 500 daggers\", to give up the abreks Tomayev and Khorsiev who were sheltering in the village, and \"to collect funds for equipping the village police station with telephone communication\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Tsatsan-Yurt in 1908 paid a \"contribution\" for undelivered weapons - 7 thousand rubles(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). In 1911, by order of the Viceroy, \"100 thousand rubles were exacted\" from the entire Chechen population of the Grozny and Vedeno okrugs in compensation to those who had suffered \"...during the attack of Zelimkhan's band\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0150", "comment": "The occupation administration dispatched emissaries to collect strategic, demographic, and economic data on the mountain societies of the Nokhchi: in 1658 the central apparatus of the Posolsky Prikaz instructed the Terek voivodes to find out \u00abhow many of them there are and what kind of people they are... and what fighting force they have... and what grows in their land, and what craftsmen there are\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997), in execution of which in 1659 the Terek voivodes Melenty Kvashnin and his associates \u00absent a streltsy commander into the Shibut land and ordered him to inspect in the Shibut land... the towns and places\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997), who, in an extract for the report of the Posolsky Prikaz to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of 1660, reported that \u00ab[to]wns they have none, nor any fighting forces\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0013", "comment": "The use of brute force by party activists against Rukh activists: when Rukh members attempted to install a cross on the grave of those executed near Bazar, \"the activists were not allowed into the village\" \"with the help of KGB men and provocations about the Rukh members' 'Banderite' intentions\"; some participants \"were dragged out of the car, beaten, and the flags were torn to shreds,\" while the role of \"protesting peasants\" was played by men in disguise: \"in reality these were communist party activists from nearby districts\"(Citation: \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456 \u0432\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0432 \u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0443 (MALYN.MEDIA) 2023). The political prisoner Vasyl Ovsienko ended up in the hospital: \"the communists thrashed me near Bazar on November 17\"(Citation: \u0406\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432'\u044e \u0412\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044f \u041e\u0432\u0441\u0456\u0454\u043d\u043a\u0430 (\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443) 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0046", "comment": "The metropole's administration did not pay for forced labor and withheld food provisions for five years: a memorandum from the Posolsky Prikaz (Ambassadorial Office) to the Prikaz of the Kazan Palace records a complaint that the subordinate Okochans of Tersky Town \u00abwere not given the sovereign's grain allowance for the past years \u2014 for the 125th, and the 126th, and the 127th, and the 128th, and the 129th year\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0141", "comment": "Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov give a summary based on the materials of the Caucasus Military District (RGVIA, f. 1300, op. 7, d. 3) and the work of A. I. Khasbulatov: \"According to the data of 1877, in Mountain Chechnya, including Ichkeria, with a population of almost 100 thousand people, there was on average 0.3 desiatinas (a desiatina is a little over a hectare) of arable land per capita... such fantastic landlessness as in Mountain Chechnya was known to no other region of the Russian Empire\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). In 1901 on the Chechen plain \"a family (usually quite numerous) had from 7 to 14 desiatinas\"(Citation: \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a 2007). The count by family budget was kept by the oblast statistics service itself: \"A Cossack family had a gross income of 918 rubles from its land allotment... and was left with a surplus of 140 rubles. The richest Chechen family on the plain, according to the Terek Oblast Statistical Committee (1903), received an income of 262 rubles from its land allotment while spending 414 rubles on its upkeep; the deficit came to 152 rubles\"(Citation: \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0117", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0127", "comment": "The occupation administration of the Russian Empire forcibly resettled the subordinated Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov records that \"by 1724 the Terek town had been razed, and all of its population, including the Okotsk sloboda, populated by natives of Chechnya... was transferred to the new fortress\"(Citation: \u0427\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVIII \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 2019).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0008", "comment": "The metropole deliberately ignored official complaints by the Indigenous population about the arbitrary conduct of the appointed rulers, depriving them of the right to protection: the compilers of academic document collections state that, as regards the petition submitted to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, \u00abthe petition of the \u00abOkochans\u00bb was not granted\u00bb(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVI-XVIII \u0432\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1957).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0038", "comment": "In 1895 the Cossacks leased out 420 thousand desiatinas (a desiatina is a little over a hectare) of \"yurt\" (stanitsa allotment) lands, the official rent for which came to over 140 thousand rubles a year; on top of that, \"reserve\" lands went out on lease - up to 65 thousand desiatinas annually(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). By 1913 the stanitsas were leasing out 424 thousand desiatinas of host lands and collecting 806.5 thousand rubles in rent, and the main tenants were Chechens - up to 77 percent of peasant households(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Leasing became so widespread that the administration of the Terek oblast grew alarmed: historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write that the authorities \"seriously feared that, by renting the same plots for many years, the highlanders might in the end lay claim to them\", and, besides, sought to attach to the oblast as many \"out-of-town\" peasants as possible, \"and therefore at the end of the 19th century an ordinance came out forbidding Cossacks to lease their land directly to the highlanders\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The use of land taken from the Chechens was made conditional on the authorities' permission, and that permission was revoked as soon as use threatened to turn into right.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0114", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0043", "comment": "Deliberate restoration of old Soviet or imperial names to captured cities and streets (in particular, the renaming of Bakhmut to Artemovsk) in order to erase Ukrainian national memory and visually integrate them into the space of the Russian Federation.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0052", "comment": "Representatives of the metropole confiscated the personal property of a deceased Nokhchi delegate into the state treasury: a memorandum from the Posolsky Prikaz to the Prikaz of the Kazan Palace prescribed an investigation into the death of the drowned Okotsky murza Kokhostrov Biytemirov, while of what was found they \u00abtook his clothing and all his goods into our treasury\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0028", "comment": "Soviet Russia gave the sharia courts official status and took it away within a month: the constituent congress of Soviets of the Mountain Republic in April 1921 resolved to introduce a sharia court system (sharia - Islamic law) - historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov call this \"a clear (and temporary) concession to the Muslim clergy of Chechnya and Ingushetia\": \"Already in May 1921 the TsIK of the GASSR by its resolution deprived the sharia courts of financing from the state budget and of the support of state bodies\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0155", "comment": "On 17 August 1884 the \"Binding Decree on the Sale, Storage and Carrying of Combat Firearms in the Caucasus Krai\" was approved: combat rifles - only under police permits, and the sale and purchase of army-pattern weapons were banned(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). On 1 July 1899 the decree was tightened: previous permits were annulled, annual renewal was required, and weapons without a permit were confiscated and sold for the benefit of the treasury(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). In 1892, by order of the head of the Terek oblast, all weapons with which highlanders appeared in Russian settlements were confiscated, including weapons brought for sale; from 1893 the authorities were allowed to search homes for weapons(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov record the contrast: highlander militiamen in imperial service carried weapons at all times, \"unlike ordinary highlanders, who could not appear armed outside their villages\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0049", "comment": "On 29 June 1919 the central organ of the colonial administration of Ukraine (the VUTsIK) resolved \"to carry out a general mobilization of workers and peasants of call-up age, beginning at 19, and in the front-line zone at 18,\" and to draft the entire \"non-labouring element\" from 18 to 45 into the rear militia - captured Ukraine was to fight for its captor - and by the same resolution it declared: \"All who resist the carrying out of the mobilization are to be deemed enemies of the people\"; it was signed for the chairman of the organ by Polozov and by secretary Lapchinsky(Citation: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0423\u0426\u0418\u041a \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 1919). On 26 July 1919 Skrypnyk, plenipotentiary of the same administration's Defence Council, reporting on the Trypillia district, where the army had just crushed the risen peasants, wrote: \"there now remains the mobilization of the entire population of this district\" - the men of villages that had just risen were taken into the very army that had crushed them(Citation: \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u041d. \u0410. \u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 1919).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0035", "comment": "The 1894 \"Regulation on Residence Permits\" enshrined estate inequality: nobles, officials and merchants received passport books of unlimited duration, while highlanders ascribed to village communities received five-year books or short-term passports and bilets (written passes) for absence(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). Historian Z. Kh. Ibragimova states the regime's effect from the oblast's records: \"Terek highlanders, should they appear beyond the Kuban or in other parts of the Russian Empire without passports, were considered vagrants and malefactors and were punished as such\"; she also writes: \"The passport system served the administration of the Terek oblast as a favourite means of constraining even persons well known to it\"(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). Inside the oblast a regime of absences operated: leave of up to a month was granted by the village elder, for a longer term - by the okrug head; unauthorized absence was punished by fine, arrest or public works, and a highlander could not move from one community to another without the consent of two village communities - the one he was leaving and the one he was joining(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0147", "comment": "Under direct military threat, the mountain communities were forced to capitulate: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky reported that the mountaineers \u00abbrought their guilt... petitioned humbly and gave... the shert (oath of allegiance)\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0156", "comment": "After the shooting near Shali the empire demanded that the Chechen societies hand over the survivors. On 26 January 1864 Loris-Melikov, head of the Terek oblast, assembled the naibs and \"honorable\" residents in the Groznaya fortress: the historian Z. Kh. Ibragimova writes - he \"announced to the assembled Chechens that they were obliged to hand over all the zikrists [followers of Sheikh Kunta-Haji]. A final deadline was set - 1 February, after which the head of the oblast threatened to commence military operations. He also forbade the performance of zikrist rites\"(Citation: \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a 2007). The historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov quote the demand verbatim: \"...to assist in restoring the order disrupted by the zikrists...\", and record the ban on the \"loud\" zikr, compliance with which was to be watched over by the clergy and the village elders(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0099", "comment": "As a result of the devastation of their settlements, the subordinated communities handed people over to the occupation administration: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky records that they \u00abgave amanats (hostages) to Tersky Town\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0041", "comment": "Preservation of tsarist representatives' oversight of the hetmanate's administrative apparatus: the articles \"fully preserved the previously established control of the tsarist regime over local financing and the functioning of the administrative apparatus\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012). The institution of the tsar's resident was established alongside the hetman: \"The first tsar's resident was stolnik A. Izmailov, who in his work was guided by official and secret tsarist articles\"; the residents \"were given the right to control the election and official appointments of representatives of the starshyna\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0151", "comment": "The occupation administration of the Tsardom of Muscovy maintained the regime depriving the subordinated societies of the Nokhchi (the Okochans) of autonomy, officially formalizing the transfer of power over them to a new feudal lord loyal to the metropole: in 1661 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich issued a charter of grant to the Kabardian prince Kaspulat Mutsalovich Cherkassky, instructing him \u00abto be prince over the Okochans and over the Cherkas who serve us, the great sovereign, on the Terek, and to administer and judge them in military organization and in all our affairs\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0036", "comment": "Blocking the election of a new leader and creating a hybrid administration for direct control: \"The Governance included the tsar's resident in Ukraine, Prince O. Shakhovskoy, with 2 Russian officials\u2026 as well as general quartermaster Ya. Lyzohub with 2 Ukrainian officers\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011) \u2013 a formally equal collegium actually headed by the tsar's resident.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0024", "comment": "The occupation administration of the Russian Empire used religious pretexts for expansion: historian Michael Khodarkovsky cites a memorandum by Governor-General P. S. Potemkin, who in 1784 declared that under the pretext of returning the highlanders to the faith and sending priests to them, the empire would be able to shed \"the light of divine bliss among all the peoples scattered in the mountains\"(Citation: Of Christianity, Enlightenment, and Colonialism: Russia in the North Caucasus, 1550\u20131800 1999).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0057", "comment": "The appointed administration forced the Indigenous population into unpaid labor: historian E. N. Kusheva points out that the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky compelled the service Okochans of the Terek town subordinate to him \u00abto make all manner of wares for him, to plow the fields and to mow the hay\u00bb(Citation: \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 (\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 XVI - 30-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b XVII \u0432\u0432) 1963). The metropole itself went years without paying for the military service of the Indigenous population: a report from the Terek voivode Pyotr Petrovich Golovin to the Astrakhan voivode Ivan Nikitich Odoyevsky records that they \u00abserve the sovereign tsar... in all manner of the sovereign's Terek... services... yet have not been granted the sovereign's monetary and grain salary for the tenth year now\u00bb(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVI-XVIII \u0432\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1957).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0032", "comment": "From 1882 \"especially important\" cases in which the accused were highlanders were transferred to the field court-martial; in 1893, with the emperor's permission, a significant share of highlanders' criminal cases was withdrawn from the general civil courts - into whose jurisdiction these cases passed, the source does not specify(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). Punishment could also be imposed without any court: the head of the oblast jailed highlanders for up to one month at his personal discretion, and imposed penalties on aul communities for harbouring(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009); on 19 November 1893 the rules of administrative deportation to Eastern Siberia on accusation or suspicion of stealing horses and livestock were extended to the Terek oblast(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009), and according to historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov the decision on administrative exile for a term of up to five years was taken by the commander of the Caucasus Army, and the place of exile was Chechen Island in the Caspian(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The 1894 \"Temporary Regulation on Measures to Restrain the Native Population of the Terek Oblast from 'Predation'\" - its draft was submitted for approval by the head of the Terek oblast, general Kakhanov - according to historian Z. Kh. Ibragimova, wrote the collective liability of the village community for committed crimes into law(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009); historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov record the mechanics: mountain villages paid for stolen livestock \"if the tracks of the stolen livestock turned out to be lost near the given village\", while \"the possibility that the thieves might not be highlanders at all was completely ignored\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Indigenous inhabitants were barred from holding the posts of pristav and okrug head and from serving as justices of the peace(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009); the 1888 regulation on the administration of the Terek and Kuban oblasts established, in the words of historian Z. Kh. Ibragimova, \"a narrowly caste-based military-Cossack administration, without the participation not only of representatives of the mountain peoples but of the non-Cossack element as well... the highlanders were placed outside the operation of the general laws\"(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). In the 1890s the administration, by a separate order, forbade Cossacks to keep kunachestvo with highlanders (kunachestvo - sworn brotherhood, an institution of friendship between households)(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). Service was segregated too: the \"political unreliability\" of the Caucasus Muslims led the authorities to give up forming line units from them, and from 1886, by order of the Minister of War, recruits from the Terek oblast were assigned only to troops stationed in the Caucasus(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). Zemstvos were never introduced in the oblast at all; the proposal on zemstvo institutions in the Terek oblast, submitted to the State Duma in 1914, was not adopted before the revolution(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0113", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0128", "comment": "On 10 September 1919 colonel Matveev, temporary head of the Whites' administration in the city of Mykolaiv, issued an ordinance: all unions and societies that had not submitted their charters or had not been confirmed by the circuit court were deemed closed(Citation: \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 1919). The Ukrainian enlightenment societies, grown up over the years of the revolution without confirmation under the pre-revolutionary procedure, fell under this condition wholesale: no separate order was needed to close them - it was precisely thus, by a formally neutral condition, that the Whites closed the Ukrainian societies. Historians of the Institute of History of Ukraine confirm the outcome: Ukrainian institutions under the Whites were liquidated, and Russian ones were set up in their place(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 2 2004).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0154", "comment": "In Kundukhov's operation in the winter of 1860-1861 marched the \"7 hundreds of Chechen militia\" of Colonel Chermoyev(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005); Atabi-Mullah Atayev, naib of Lesser Chechnya (Atabai in the imperial documents), surrendered in November 1861, according to a document, \"to the commander of the Chechen irregular cavalry divizion, Vagap Aduyev\" - Aduyev, who served the empire holding its rank(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Against Sheikh Kunta-Haji the authorities mobilized loyal clergy: the historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write - \"measures were taken to induce the most prominent representatives of the Chechen Muslim clergy to come out openly against Kunta-Haji and the teaching he preached\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0104", "comment": "The punitive detachments physically exterminated the local population: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky reported that in the settlements they \u00abslew many other peo[ple]\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0019", "comment": "The occupation administration of Tersky Town dispatched armed detachments which, as the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky and his son the Kabardian prince Sholokh reported to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, made their way \u00abacross the mountains and through mountain crevices, impassable places\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997) in order to suppress the defiant communities.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0021", "comment": "The purge of Ukrainian institutions and the persecution of the movement's leaders. Hrushevsky was \"arrested by the gendarmerie in Kyiv on December 11, 1914, and accused of Austrophilia and involvement in creating the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen. He was sent into exile to Simbirsk\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 2 2004), then transferred to Kazan with a teaching ban and stripped of his professorship.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0164", "comment": "Representatives of the metropole's authorities openly seized property from the Nokhchi population, abusing their official position: in their petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the service Okochans of the Terek town reported that the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky \u00abhaving taken from us by force 8 good horses from the herd, sent them off to his kabaks (villages) in Kabarda\u00bb(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVI-XVIII \u0432\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1957)(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0077", "comment": "The occupation administration of Tersky Town deliberately organized a campaign of violent punishment: in his petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sholokh reported that the Terek voivode sent the armed detachments precisely \u00abagainst your sovereign's disobedient ones \u2014 the Michkiz people, against their kabaks\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0037", "comment": "The holding of an alternative congress in Kharkiv and the creation of a Moscow-controlled \"People's Secretariat\" to imitate an internal struggle: it was created \"as an alternative to the Ukrainian Central Rada and the General Secretariat of the Ukrainian Central Rada\" and \"acted in close contact with and under the direct leadership of the highest state and party institutions of Soviet Russia\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 7 2010). The congress declared Ukraine part of Russia. In the resolution on the self-determination of Ukraine, adopted in Kharkiv on 12 (25) December 1917, the congress recognized \"the Ukrainian Republic as a federative part of the Russian Republic\" and declared \"a resolute struggle against the policy of the Central Rada, ruinous for the worker-peasant masses, exposing its bourgeois, counter-revolutionary character\"(Citation: \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f I \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b 1917). The congress derived its mandate from the decisions of Petrograd: in the words of the resolution, \"the principle of the right of nations to self-determination, proclaimed by the February Revolution, could be brought to life only thanks to the October Revolution, which led to the creation of the Workers' and Peasants' Government \u2014 the Council of People's Commissars\"(Citation: \u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f I \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u044b 1917). The secretariat's own power came down to another state's decrees: it \"announced the overthrow of the UCR and the recognition of only its own decrees as valid. It introduced the decrees of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia in Ukraine\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 7 2010)(Citation: \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0443 (1917\u20141939) 2021). Moscow kept its man inside the government as well: Serhii Bakynskyi, people's secretary for inter-national affairs, was simultaneously \"the representative of the CPC of Russia\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 7 2010). Historian Stanislav Kulchytsky describes the direct oversight: \"since a Ukrainian party center did not exist, Lenin placed a temporary extraordinary commissar over the Kharkiv government\" - Georgii Ordzhonikidze, an official of the central party apparatus(Citation: \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0456 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456. 1917\u20141923 2024). The journal of the Istpart of the CP(b)U \"Letopis revoliutsii\" wrote in 1924: \"The All-Ukrainian government was a center without a periphery, a staff without an army, when it had neither territory, nor a population subordinate to it, nor an armed force\"(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0162", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0102", "comment": "The Terek Cossack Host of the Russian Empire leased out the seized Chechen lands to oil companies and lived on rent from another people's subsoil: in 1899 about 21.9 million of the 26.22 million puds of total output were extracted on the host's lands, and in that year alone the companies paid the host 631.8 thousand rubles(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: the largest owner of the oil-bearing plots turned out to be the host itself; it did no extraction of its own, and the usual terms of a lease were 150 rubles a year per desiatina (a desiatina is a little over a hectare) plus \"from 2 to 6 kopecks for every pud of oil extracted\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Historian Z. Kh. Ibragimova records the dynamic: the host's capital grew from 400 thousand rubles in 1877 to 3 million in 1900 - \"This was the result of receiving income from the oil-bearing lands\"(Citation: \u041c\u0438\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a 2007). The scale was set by the field itself: on 27 August 1895 well No. 7 of Akhverdov's company gave \"a gusher of incredible force, yielding up to 1 million puds a day... The roar and the smell of oil could be sensed 15 versts from the field\"(Citation: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0442\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 2018).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0142", "comment": "As early as 1880, by decree of the viceroy, all highlanders were expelled from the Shatoy sloboda - \"owing to the decrease of Russians in the sloboda\" - with a ban on settling there henceforth(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). On 14 May 1893 the eviction of highlanders from the towns and slobodas of the oblast began; the bans were lifted piecemeal over decades: for Grozny - on 18 March 1901, for the Vozdvizhenskaya sloboda - on 27 February 1906, for Vedeno and Shatoy - only on 10 May 1916(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). The head of the oblast justified the repeal not by the rights of the evicted - he petitioned for the repeal of the law of 14 May 1893 as one \"serving as a brake on the Russification of the tribes\"(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009). By order of 26 August 1898 the head of the garrison of the Shatoy fortification banned entry into the fortification without a bilet - the population of three uchastoks was left without access to the post and telegraph office, the savings bank and the pharmacy(Citation: \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 2009).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0109", "comment": "The staging of a no-alternative \"People's Assembly\" under the control of occupation troops to give the seizure legal form: \"On October 27 in Lviv, the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine of 1939 adopted the Declaration on the reunification of Western Ukraine with the Ukrainian SSR, and on November 1 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR passed the law admitting Western Ukraine, as part of the Ukrainian SSR, into the USSR\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 1 2003).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0160", "comment": "From 10 January 1906 the Russian Empire introduced field courts-martial in the Terek oblast - to them were handed over \"...persons who have committed murder, brigandage, robbery and attack on a sentry or military guard, as well as armed resistance to the authorities and attack on the ranks of the troops and the police and on all officials in general...\"; during the work of these courts, until 19 April 1907, 195 people in the Caucasus were sentenced to death and another 47 condemned to katorga(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0149", "comment": "The appointed occupation administration enslaved the Indigenous population: a petition submitted to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich by the service Okochans of the Terek town stated that the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky \u00abwrongfully sold 4 of our fellow Okochans\u00bb(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVI-XVIII \u0432\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1957)(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997) and \u00abtook a wife into bondage and sent her off to his kabaks in Kabarda\u00bb(Citation: \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 XVI-XVIII \u0432\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b. \u0422\u043e\u043c I 1957)(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0056", "comment": "The occupation administration imposed tribute on the highland Nokhchi societies: an extract from the book of the Terek town's Prikaz office records that the administration sent people \u00abto the Michkizes for the sovereign's yasak\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0158", "comment": "From April 2022 the Russian occupation administrations marked the seized territories with imperial signs - in stone and on paper. In Kherson oblast more than 110 Lenin monuments had been dismantled before the invasion, with practically none left; after the occupation the invaders erected ten new ones: the first in Henichesk in April 2022 - the first Lenin monument on Ukrainian territory since 2014 - and at the end of that same month a monument was returned to its pedestal by the city council in Nova Kakhovka(Citation: \u0406\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0437\u0456: \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0449\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432\u0430\u0454\u00bb \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 2026). In Mariupol on 5 May 2022 a monument to a woman with a red flag was unveiled, and the ceremony was published in his Telegram channel by Andrei Turchak, secretary of the general council of \"United Russia\"; the Square of the Warrior-Liberators, named in honor of those who freed the city from the Nazis, was given back its Soviet name of \"Lenin Komsomol Square\" by the occupiers(Citation: \u0423 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c'\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u00ab\u0431\u0430\u0431\u0446\u0456 \u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0433\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0456\u0440\u043a\u043e\u044e\u00bb 2022). In parallel the occupation administration papered the territory with banners: in Kherson and Nova Kakhovka hung Russian-language billboards reading \"Russia is here forever!,\" \"Kherson - forever with Russia,\" \"Kherson is a Russian city,\" and for them they bought, for twenty cents on a stock-photo site, a picture by the Ukrainian photographer Anna Pasichnyk - her son Yaroslav with a friend in vyshyvankas in a rapeseed field near Kyiv - painting a Russian flag in behind the children's backs(Citation: \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 2022). In Balakliia in Kharkiv oblast the occupiers pasted over a city banner: first they hung \"Ukraine and Russia are 'one'\" on top of it, then a poster with a tricolor reading \"We are one people with Russia!\". On 10 September 2022 Ukrainian soldiers tore the tricolor down - and beneath it emerged the lines of Shevchenko that had stood there through the entire occupation: \"Fight - and you shall prevail! God is helping you! Truth is with you, glory is with you, and holy freedom!\"(Citation: \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044f - \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u00bb: \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0428\u0435\u0432\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0456\u044f\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0457\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0456\u0457 2023). The signs held only until de-occupation: on 11 November 2022, a \"Russia is here forever\" poster in liberated Bilozerka in the Kherson region was torn down by local residents - the video was published by the Telegram channel \"Nikolaevsky Vanek\"(Citation: \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00bb 2022).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0022", "comment": "Engagement in combat operations of Russian neo-Nazi groups (such as the \"Rusich\" sabotage and reconnaissance group under the command of A. Milchakov), whose ringleaders openly called for unmotivated sadistic violence against civilians (\"Slaughter the homeless, the puppies, and the children!\")(Citation: \u0420\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0437\u043c: \u0417\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 2023).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0105", "comment": "During the punitive campaign, the military detachments burned entire auls to the ground: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky reported that they \u00abburned down and utterly ruined many Shibut and Kalkan and Erokhan and Michkiz kabaks\u00bb(Citation: \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b. XVI-XVII \u0432. 1997).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Occupation and Controlled Administrations", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}