{"description": "russia-colonialism techniques used by Secret Police and Security Services, ATT&CK software S0017 (v1.1)", "name": "Secret Police and Security Services (S0017)", "domain": "russia-colonialism", "versions": {"layer": "4.5", "attack": "", "navigator": "5.2.0"}, "techniques": [{"techniqueID": "T0053", "comment": "The forced disappearance of a key functionary of the movement: \"on the night of January 15\u201316, 1994, two armed unknown men burst into the NRU secretariat in Kyiv, took some documents, and searched for Boichyshyn\" - Mykhailo Boichyshyn, head of the Rukh secretariat, was never seen again. The investigation was sabotaged: law enforcement \"at first was in no hurry to accept the report of the politician's disappearance, and then demonstratively displayed disinterest in solving the crime,\" and \"the investigators were interested not so much in the circumstances of the attack on the Secretariat and Boichyshyn's disappearance as in the party's financing\"(Citation: \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d \u2014 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u041d\u0420\u0423 (\u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434) 2024).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0030", "comment": "The colonizer abolished the very republic of the Chechens and Ingush and carved up their land among its neighbors: on 7 March 1944 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued the decree \"On the Liquidation of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR and the Administrative Organization of Its Territory\"(Citation: \u0418\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0439: \u043a 80-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 2024): lowland Chechnya went into the newly created Grozny Okrug of Stavropol Krai - a month later the colonizer transformed it into Grozny Oblast(Citation: \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2011); the mountain part was divided between the Georgian SSR (today's Georgia) and the Dagestan ASSR (today's Dagestan within Russia), and the Ingush lands were handed to North Ossetia(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The abolition was given legal form by the law of 25 June 1946(Citation: \u0418\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0439: \u043a 80-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 2024).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0121", "comment": "The USSR, deporting the Chechens and Ingush from their native land, made no provision for food at the places of exile - and from famine and disease in exile almost a third of the deported died within four and a half years. The colonizer had taken the people's livestock and food back home: by the resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR of 31 January 1944 the people's commissariats (ministries) were obliged \"to accept in the North Caucasus from the special settlers livestock and agricultural produce... issuing exchange receipts for what was accepted,\" while from the confiscated livestock 350 horses \"fit for cavalry service\" were handed over to the cavalry units of the Soviet militia(Citation: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u041a\u041e \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u2116 5074\u0441\u0441 1944). Pchelkin, People's Commissar (Minister) of Internal Affairs of the Kirghiz SSR, reported to People's Commissar (Minister) of Internal Affairs of the USSR Beria on 22 April 1944: the food the exiles had brought with them \"is running out,\" \"the established ration is critically insufficient,\" the collective farms are \"in no position to help for lack of it, as a result of which in some districts there are instances... of the eating of roots and grasses\"(Citation: \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2011). Historian P. M. Polian writes: for lack of food, shelter and fodder the exiles in Kirghizia \"had to slaughter up to 90%\" of the livestock issued \"in compensation for that left behind in their former places of residence,\" while the funds allocated to them were handed out by local bosses to others - in the Kazalinsk district \"one ton of bread was issued to the local party activists,\" and in the collective farms of the Bazar-Kurgan district \"food was issued only to able-bodied special settlers, while those unfit for work were deprived of rations\"(Citation: \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2011). In exile the Chechens and Ingush died by the tens of thousands: by the end of 1944 the number of exiles (\"special settlers\" in the colonizer's terms) had fallen by about 11.5 thousand in Kirghizia and by more than 46 thousand in Kazakhstan(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). In 1945, among the North Caucasus exiles, 44,652 children died - 2,230 were born; no fewer than 80 thousand people were starving(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005); in the winter of 1948-1949 in the Kazakh SSR (today's Kazakhstan) up to 118 thousand were starving, and 418 people died of hunger(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). By October 1948 about 146.9 thousand North Caucasus exiles had died in exile; historians put the direct losses of the Chechens and Ingush at 145.7 thousand people, and together with the unborn - at 300 thousand; the people recovered its pre-war numbers only by 1959(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0015", "comment": "The luring of kish otaman Hladky over to the empire's side in 1828: part of the Danubians \"headed by kish otaman Y. Hladky, on May 30 (18), 1828, crossed the Kiliya mouth of the Danube, entered the port of Izmail, and joined the Russian army\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 3 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0101", "comment": "The immediate elimination of the independent press: GKChP resolution No. 2 of 19 August 1991 ordered \"to temporarily limit the list of published central, Moscow city, and oblast socio-political editions to the following newspapers: 'Trud,' 'Rabochaya tribuna,' 'Izvestia,' 'Pravda,' 'Krasnaya zvezda,' 'Sovetskaya Rossiya,' 'Moskovskaya pravda,' 'Leninskoye znamya,' 'Selskaya zhizn'\"(Citation: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0413\u041a\u0427\u041f \u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442 1991) \u2013 anything not on the list could not appear.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0136", "comment": "The use of a hacker group linked to the security services to compromise Ukrainian artillerymen's software: \"the filename '\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440-\u041430.apk' was linked to a legitimate application which was initially developed domestically within Ukraine by an officer of the 55th Artillery Brigade named Yaroslav Sherstuk,\" and \"in-depth reverse engineering revealed the APK contained an Android variant of X-Agent\" - an implant whose exclusive operator is FANCY BEAR(Citation: Danger Close: Fancy Bear Tracking of Ukrainian Field Artillery Units 2016). The same toolkit was used in cyberattacks on the Ukrainian power grid in the winters of 2015 and 2016(Citation: 2015 Ukraine Electric Power Attack | MITRE ATT&CK\u00ae 2023)(Citation: 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack | MITRE ATT&CK\u00ae 2023).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0117", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0127", "comment": "The mass deportation of the civilian population of occupied Galicia: \"The Greek Catholic clergy suffered particular persecution. On September 18, 1914, Metropolitan A. Sheptytsky was arrested and taken away to Russia. In all, thousands of Galicians were removed as hostages (through Kyiv alone about 12 thousand passed)\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 8 2011).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0124", "comment": "Targeted cyberattacks by Russian security services on distribution substations of the Ukrainian power grid in the winters of 2015 and 2016, aimed at causing mass power outages for the civilian population(Citation: 2015 Ukraine Electric Power Attack | MITRE ATT&CK\u00ae 2023)(Citation: 2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack | MITRE ATT&CK\u00ae 2023).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0045", "comment": "A covert operation by Muscovite emissaries disguised as monks to destroy ancient documents of the 11th\u201317th centuries: \"The enormous archive and library burned down; the charters and grants\u2026 of princes, magnates, and hetmans perished\"; \"The fire destroyed the written memory of the Lavra's independent Ukrainian political and spiritual life\"(Citation: \u0429\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0443 \u041a\u0438\u0454\u0432\u043e-\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0456 2018).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0044", "comment": "On 13 November 1937 the bureau of the oblast committee of the party (the \"obkom VKP(b)\") approved two lists not subject to disclosure: No. 25/97 - on the removal of literature published in the republic - and No. 31/107 - on the mandatory removal of books from libraries and the book trade; the ban covered the works of 29 authors, among whom the historian K. G. Dendiev names D. Madayev, Kh. Yandarov, N. Muzayev, D. Malsagov and Kh. Oshaev(Citation: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 1920-1930-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 2019). The first Chechen literary works had appeared in the early 1920s(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005) - the colonizer was removing and banning a literature not yet twenty years old.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0043", "comment": "The colonizer erased Chechen and Ingush names from the map. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: \"Streets, settlements, auls and districts were hastily renamed\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). Historian P. M. Polian writes of the Ingush lands handed to North Ossetia: \"all the Ingush place names were repressed as well; they were replaced with Ossetian or Russian ones\" - by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 29 April 1944 the Psedakh district became Alansky, Nazran district - Kosta-Khetagurovsky, Achaluki district - Nartovsky, and by the decree of 30 August 1944 the colonizer renamed \"all the districts and their centers\" of Grozny Oblast(Citation: \u0412\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c 2011). The Chechen lands that had gone to Georgia the colonizer named the Akhalkhevi district(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0052", "comment": "Mass dispossession and forced deportation of hundreds of thousands of resisting peasants (the so-called \"kurkuls\") to remote special settlements in Siberia and the North(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0120", "comment": "The targeted physical annihilation of the national cultural elite. The official turn was sealed by the resolution of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) and the Council of People's Commissars \"On Grain Procurements in Ukraine, the North Caucasus, and the Western Region\" of 14 December 1932, signed by Stalin and Molotov: Ukrainization was declared to have been carried out \"mechanically,\" which, in the resolution's own words, \"made it easier for bourgeois-nationalist elements, Petliurites and the like to create their legal covers, their counter-revolutionary cells and organizations\"(Citation: \u041e \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 1932). The term \"Executed Renaissance\" denotes precisely \"the repressive policy of communist Moscow aimed at the physical destruction of the Ukrainian intellectual elite of the 1920s\u201330s (more broadly \u2013 of the entire nationally conscious Ukrainian intelligentsia) and the tabooing of its creative achievements\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0028", "comment": "The USSR fought the auls that revolted in December 1929 not only with troops but with false promises; the Chechen historian A. G. Avtorkhanov, who worked in Chechnya in those years and wrote in emigration, described this mechanism. For the \"peaceful liquidation\" of the uprising a government delegation arrived from Moscow - it included Nikolayeva, member of the Central Committee of the union party (the \"TsK VKP(b)\"), and Ryskulov, deputy head of the government of the RSFSR, - and the \"peace commission\" of religious authorities it created declared to the insurgents in Shali: \"responsibility for the events that have occurred lies exclusively with the local functionaries, who acted contrary to the directives of the party and the government\", and in the name of the government delegation an address to the Chechen people was read out: \"the internal Chechen affairs will henceforth be decided by the Chechen people itself\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). The insurgents, Avtorkhanov writes, \"found these explanations satisfactory and agreed to return to their homes\"; the GPU detachment (the political police, a predecessor of today's FSB) that arrived next spent three days arresting local Soviet functionaries - just as had been promised; Avtorkhanov continues: \"and toward one o'clock in the morning of the fourth day they surrounded the house of the former leader of the insurgents, Shita Istamulov\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). The seizure failed - the Chechens fought Shita Istamulov free; Avtorkhanov writes: \"To the ultimatum to surrender without a fight, however, Shita and his brother Hasan replied with fire. Part of Shita's house was engulfed in flames and Hasan gravely wounded when, toward dawn, help arrived: about a hundred armed Chechen horsemen surrounded the very part of the GPU troops that had invested Shita's house. After perhaps an hour of hand-to-hand fighting the GPU detachment, numbering up to 150 men, was almost entirely destroyed\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). Avtorkhanov continues: \"Freed by his friends, Shita Istamulov called all Chechens to a 'holy war' for the restoration of the 'Imamate of Shamil' and the expulsion of the 'infidels' from the Caucasus. Following this call, Shali, Goity and Benoy rose again\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). The second deception was the amnesty; Avtorkhanov writes: \"To all participants of the uprising, including the leaders of the uprising, an amnesty was declared in the name of the central government\" - Shita Istamulov returned to Shali and \"on instructions from above\" was even appointed chairman of the Shali rural consumers' society (a cooperative for manufactured goods)(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). Avtorkhanov describes the denouement thus: in the autumn of 1931 Shita Istamulov \"was summoned to Baklanov, head of the district GPU, to be handed the official act of amnesty from Moscow. Handing him the act with one hand, Baklanov with the other, from under the counter, emptied an entire Mauser clip into him. The gravely wounded Istamulov managed to stab the treacherous Baklanov to death with his dagger. The outside guard finished Istamulov off\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0099", "comment": "On 25 May 1919 Antonov-Ovseenko, commander of the RSFSR's Ukrainian Front, disarming the villages, ordered the armies: \"beforehand, to take hostages from the kulak elements\"(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u2116 68 \u043e \u043b\u0438\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044e\u0440\u044b \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430 1919). On 29 June 1919 the central organ of the colonial administration of Ukraine (the VUTsIK) legalized \"the taking of hostages\" by its resolution on general mobilization(Citation: \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0412\u0423\u0426\u0418\u041a \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 1919), and on 11 December 1919 Trotsky, war minister of the RSFSR, included \"the hostage system\" in the list of means by which the armies \"entering Ukraine\" were obliged to disarm the population(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0420\u0435\u0432\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2116 579 \u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0410\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 1919).\n\nIn Zhytomyr, during the nine days of Soviet rule in March 1919, hostages sat in the secret police \"until payment of the contribution\" - until the town paid the sum imposed on it; so recorded Livshits, commissioner of the Central Committee for Aid to Pogrom Victims, noting that a considerable part of those arrested \"as hostages\" were Jews(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u042f. \u0411. \u041b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u0433. \u0416\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 1919). So it was in Fastiv too: until the contribution imposed on the town was paid, Jews sat as hostages(Citation: \u0414\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0425. \u0413\u043e\u0444\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432 \u043c. \u0424\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431. 1919). The occupation secret police in Kyiv held hostages as well: Rakovsky, head of the Soviet colonial administration of Ukraine, wrote to Lenin on 9 August 1919 that after the proclamation of \"red terror\" over the Hryhoriv uprising it had shot 30 hostages - former members of the monarchist organization \"Union of the Russian People,\" which staged pogroms, and former tsarist officials; when it prepared to shoot 15 more and Rakovsky with Latsis, chairman of the Ukrainian secret police, checked their biographies, only two turned out to be dangerous enemies(Citation: \u0424. \u0414\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0454\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0412\u0427\u041a \u0442\u0430 \u0412\u0423\u0427\u041a \u0443 1919 \u0440. 2013).\n\nThe removal of hostages from Kyiv during the evacuation at the end of August 1919 was described by the eyewitness Kateryna Koval-Medzvedska: \"Doctors, engineers, topographers were put on record, and in the last days, under threat of execution, they were carried off by force to Moscow. Besides that, landowners and the bigger merchants were carried off by the hundreds as hostages\"(Citation: \u0417\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0431. 8 1938).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0007", "comment": "The documents of its staff described a military operation with artillery shelling as the bringing of peace: the \"Main Tasks of the Special Operational Groups of the OGPU in the Operation in the Chechen Autonomous Oblast\", approved by Yevdokimov, plenipotentiary representative of the OGPU (the political police, a predecessor of today's FSB) for the krai, Uborevich, commander of the North Caucasus Military District, and Volodin, member of the district's Revolutionary Military Council, open with the words that the mass operation \"in its final result must bring general pacification to Chechnya and create the appropriate conditions for the peaceful Soviet-economic construction of the oblast\"(Citation: \u041e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 2022). The same frame was prescribed to be spoken aloud in every aul: under the disarmament instruction of 4 August 1925 the representatives of the authorities, having entered a village surrounded by troops, announced to the assembly the purpose of their coming - \"the removal of weapons with a view to the Chechen authorities securing a normal working life for the toiling population\", and the artillery shelling was given a name within this frame: \"warning fire as a measure of influence\"(Citation: \u041e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435 2022). The organizer of the operation, Mikoyan, secretary of the North Caucasus krai committee of the party, brought this picture to its final formula in his memoirs: \"It was a brilliant operation without any bloodshed\"(Citation: \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c 1999) - in the same chapter he himself describes the Chechen old men taken hostage by the Chekists and the shelling of a Chechen village by the troops of the USSR.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0036", "comment": "Moscow's seizure of direct control over the punitive apparatus through the decision to liquidate the independent All-Ukrainian Cheka (VUChK) in August 1919 and the appointment of its own special commissar, Ya. Peters(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0057", "comment": "Use of dekulakized peasants, sent into the emerging GULAG system, as forced unpaid labor for heavy state projects(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0032", "comment": "The Soviet NKVD (predecessor of today's FSB) obliged the exiled Chechens and Ingush (\"special settlers\" in the colonizer's terms) over 12 years of age to report monthly to the special commandant's office - the agency's surveillance post at the place of exile; from age 16 the commandant's office opened personal files; the colonizer forbade them to join the Bolshevik party, its youth league (the \"Komsomol\") and the trade unions, and did not take them into the army(Citation: \u0418\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0439: \u043a 80-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 2024). From January 1945 the commandant could, without trial, arrest \"offenders\" for up to 5 days or fine them up to 100 rubles(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 26 November 1948 the deportation was declared eternal: the Chechens and Ingush were \"exiled in perpetuity,\" with up to 20 years of hard labor for escape and up to 5 years of prison for aiding escapees(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0128", "comment": "The destruction of the first political organization of the Ukrainian intelligentsia following student Petrov's denunciation to the secret police: \"In March 1847 the society was crushed by the gendarmes. The police managed to identify 12 members of the clandestine organization\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 4 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0166", "comment": "The OGPU (the political police, a predecessor of today's FSB) fabricated the \"Chechen nationalist center\" - an underground organization that did not exist - and convicted thousands of Chechens in the case. Thus the empire \"explained\" the uprisings against the forced merging of households into kolkhozes (\"collectivization\"): it was not hunger and devastation that raised the people, but a secret conspiracy. The Chechen historian A. G. Avtorkhanov, who worked in Chechnya in those years and later wrote about it in emigration, described the mechanism of the fabrication: \"The logic of the Chekists suggested that the culprits and organizers of all the anti-Soviet uprisings should be sought in some single 'nationalist center', into which, undoubtedly, by the same logic, representatives of the internal and foreign Chechen emigration must belong\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). The work, by his words, was taken up by the krai organ of the OGPU under Kursky and Fedotov and the Chechen oblast department of the OGPU under Kraft: \"They created this 'counter-revolutionary nationalist center' so skillfully and plausibly that even many of the Chechens believed in its existence\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). The \"evidence\" was letters in the name of the Chechen \u00e9migr\u00e9, oil industrialist Tapa Chermoev - with calls to prepare an uprising; they came to Chechen public figures in Grozny from Istanbul, Paris and London through intermediaries whom the OGPU had obliged to hand the letters over to it. Avtorkhanov concludes: \"the version of Chermoev's letters was a lie, and the letters themselves - forgeries of the OGPU. But it was precisely these letters that served as 'material evidence' against the 'nationalist center'\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). In the autumn of 1932 the OGPU arrested the entire \"group\" of the addressees, followed by mass arrests across the Gudermes and Nozhay-Yurt districts - the very one that had revolted against the kolkhozes in March 1932; Avtorkhanov writes: \"In all, up to 3 thousand people were arrested in the case of the 'Chechen nationalist center'. The arrested were charged with creating a 'counter-revolutionary nationalist center of Chechnya for the preparation and carrying out of an armed uprising'\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). There was no trial - Avtorkhanov writes: \"Almost all the arrested were convicted through the collegium of the GPU. Of the members of the 'center', Abdulkadirov, Shamilev, Kurbanov, Motsa-Hadji Sotaev and Beymurzaev were shot. Others received 10 years each. How many of the rank and file were shot is impossible to establish\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). With the fabricated case the empire justified itself publicly as well: Yevdokimov, secretary of the krai committee of the party, at the krai party conference of 1934 cited \"the letters of the millionaire Chermoev\" as proof of the preparation of an uprising with the money and weapons of the Western powers(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952). Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov confirm the scale: repression \"in connection with the case of the so-called 'Chechen nationalist center'\" befell, \"by some data, up to 3 thousand people\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0104", "comment": "Deliberately starving millions of Ukrainian peasants to death as a direct result of Moscow's state policy(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0122", "comment": "The colonizer cut the Chechens off from medical care from the first day of the deportation: the Chechen historian Dalkhan Khozhaev writes that the troops, driving people out of their homes, \"threw the sick off their hospital beds\"(Citation: \u0422\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e: \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1993). Typhus broke out in the trains - the certificate of the Soviet NKVD (predecessor of today's FSB) of 7 April 1944 on those brought to Kirghizia states: \"412 people died and 278 were hospitalized\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0413\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 2004). With no quarantine and no medicine at the destinations the epidemic spread: by 1 April 1944 about 4,800 people had fallen ill in Kazakhstan, over 2,000 in Kirghizia(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). The colonizer forbade local residents, on pain of arrest, to help the dying Chechens. The Chechen historian A. G. Avtorkhanov writes: \"The local population was categorically forbidden to render help to the dying by giving food, water or medicine. Even a simple display of human sympathy for the perishing women and children was punished with arrests\"(Citation: \u0423\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 1952).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0021", "comment": "The destruction of the political leadership that supported the hetman: \"the entire (!) general starshyna\" followed Mazepa, and of the Left-Bank colonels only four remained loyal to the tsar(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011). The investigation of the officers was directed from the tsar's headquarters, where \"being at Lebedyn and Sumy, Peter and Menshikov in January 1709\" oversaw the reprisals(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011). The ecclesiastical punishment was arranged by the tsar's direct order - by a letter of 31 October 1708 (No. 2795) Peter I instructed metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky: \"be pleased to have him, for such a deed of his, publicly cursed in the cathedral church...\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011)(Citation: \u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0422. VIII, \u0432\u044b\u043f. 1 (\u0438\u044e\u043b\u044c-\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044c 1708 \u0433.) 1948).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0018", "comment": "Seeking to weaken the Hetmanate from within and prevent it from breaking vassalage, Moscow artificially fomented civil war, supporting and arming the internal opposition against the lawful hetman: \"The proclamation of I. Vyhovsky as hetman was received negatively by the representatives of the forces opposed to him,\" led by Poltava colonel Pushkar and kish otaman Barabash(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012). Their revolt opened the period of the bloody Ruin.", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0077", "comment": "Regular chekist-military operations by the NKVD and MGB to sweep western Ukrainian villages: the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR T. Strokach personally \"directed and coordinated operational-chekist operations to liquidate the underground of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and units of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, and mass deportations of the population in Western Ukraine\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012). Already \"on April 5, 1944, on the basis of a directive of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR, a scheme of arrests and deportation of OUN\u2013UPA members was worked out\"(Citation: \u0414\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f (\u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0421\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438) 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0037", "comment": "The installation of a controlled administration under military cover: the decisions of the Crimean parliament were taken in conditions where \"behind the backs of Crimea's self-defense forces, our servicemen, of course, stood\"(Citation: \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c 2014). The UN General Assembly declared the ensuing referendum void and confirmed that it \"was not authorized by Ukraine\"(Citation: Territorial integrity of Ukraine (A/RES/68/262) 2014). OHCHR recorded the \"election\" scene itself: overnight into 27 February \"armed groups without insignia took over the buildings of the local government and parliament,\" and \"on 27 February, members of the Parliament of Crimea, in the presence of gunmen, dismissed the local Government and elected Sergey Aksenov as the Head of Crimea\"(Citation: Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (OHCHR) 2017).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0162", "comment": "test", "showSubtechniques": true}, {"techniqueID": "T0142", "comment": "The colonizer locked the exiled Chechens and Ingush into their places of settlement: the commandant's offices forbade absences without their permission, and the mutual surety of the \"ten-yard groups\" was in force - ten neighboring households answered for one another(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). People fled anyway: from the spring of 1944 to the end of 1950 - over 20.6 thousand escapes, and the chekists caught nearly all the escapees(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005). In 1948 the colonizer forbade the exiles to live within 100 kilometers of the USSR border and forcibly resettled over 6 thousand people deeper into Kazakhstan(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0100", "comment": "Mass closure and destruction of churches, as well as repressions against clergy, aimed at the complete destruction of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC)(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0160", "comment": "On 9 May 1924 the Soviet Union, by a secret resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee (TsIK), gave the OGPU \"the right of extrajudicial reprisal against bandits and their accomplices, namely: expulsion from the given locality, confinement in a concentration camp for a term of up to 3 years, and the application of the supreme measure of punishment - shooting\", and prescribed that the republics declare localities \"unfavorable in respect of banditry\", where the GPU organs \"are entitled to decide at their own discretion any case of banditry\"(Citation: \u041b\u0443\u0431\u044f\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0412\u0427\u041a-\u041e\u0413\u041f\u0423-\u041d\u041a\u0412\u0414-\u041d\u041a\u0413\u0411-\u041c\u0413\u0411-\u041c\u0412\u0414-\u041a\u0413\u0411. 1917-1991 2003). The Chechen authorities already in that same May telegraphed the center: \"Sanction the creation of a tribunal or a political troika\"(Citation: \u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 2015). The troikas that went to work, \"composed of an official of the procuracy, the GPU and the first party leader, \u2014 as a rule, passed sentences in absentia \u2014 on the basis of the submitted documents, often without even questioning the accused. Of any participation of a defense in the proceedings there could be no talk\"(Citation: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0427\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0432 XIX-XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 2005).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0014", "comment": "State support for reactionary organizations: \"The organization received financial support from the state and was patronized by Russian emperor Nicholas II. In 1907 there existed about 800 local branches of the 'Union'\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 9 2012).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0020", "comment": "The Bolsheviks' provocation of an uprising of the Arsenal plant workers in Kyiv itself at the very moment of the Red troops' offensive: it was \"an armed action organized by the Kyiv committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Bolsheviks) against the Ukrainian Central Rada,\" and \"it was planned for the moment of the approach of Soviet troops to Kyiv in the course of Soviet Russia's war against the UNR of 1917\u201318\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 4 2007).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0022", "comment": "Intimidation of the population by an exemplary reprisal against an entire town: during the capture of Baturyn \"in the bloody massacre and fire a multitude of the town's defenders and inhabitants perished\"(Citation: \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u00bb 2011), \"the town was razed to the ground and its inhabitants annihilated,\" and the returning residents were charged a special tax \"for treason\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 1 2003). The devastation of the hetman capital also destroyed the state archive of the Hetmanate, which suffered \"during the storming of Baturyn castle by A. Menshikov in 1708\"(Citation: \u0415\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0456\u044f \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438: \u0422. 1 2003).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}, {"techniqueID": "T0107", "comment": "Sealing off the starving region: peasants who tried to escape from the blockaded villages were intercepted on roads and at railway junctions. The directive sealed off precisely Ukraine and the Kuban: \"all peasants who had managed to leave Ukraine and the North Caucasus were subject to return to their places of residence,\" while permits to leave were denied even \"to the national districts of the krai, where there was no famine at all\"(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013). Within 50 days \"219.5 thousand peasants were detained, including 38 thousand in the Ukrainian SSR, 47 thousand in the North Caucasus, 44 thousand in the Central Black Earth region, 5 thousand in the Western oblast, 65 thousand on the railways\"; of these, \"186.5 thousand were sent home under convoy, almost 3 thousand were convicted, and all the rest awaited trial or were under investigation in filtration camps\"(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013). The point of the operation lay not in sentences but in marching people back into the starving villages: the coded telegram \"documentarily attests to his intention to organize absolute famine in the rural areas of Ukraine\"(Citation: \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 (1917 \u2013 1938 \u0440\u0440.) 2013).", "score": 1, "color": "#66b1ff", "showSubtechniques": false}], "gradient": {"colors": ["#ffffff", "#66b1ff"], "minValue": 0, "maxValue": 1}, "legendItems": [{"label": "used by Secret Police and Security Services", "color": "#66b1ff"}]}