in the campaign “Crushing of the Cyril and Methodius Society (1847)”
Arrests, interrogations – the gendarmes "resorted to brutal pressure" and "applied refined methods of psychological processing"[1], and reprisal against the leaders: the sentences were set out in the report of the chief of gendarmes Orlov to the emperor of May 26, 1847, with Nicholas I's resolution "Execute"[2]. Shevchenko was sent into the army "with the institution over the poet of 'the strictest surveillance with a prohibition on writing and drawing'"[3][2]. Hrushevsky: the brotherhood "was seized while still in the midst of its very formation" after a student's denunciation; "The heaviest punishment fell on Shevchenko: he was given over to the soldiery and exiled to the trans-Caspian desert, forbidden to write and to paint," and "persecutions and prohibitions previously unheard of descended upon Ukrainian thought and the Ukrainian word… the very words Ukraine, Little Russia, Hetmanate were deemed criminal"[4]. The brotherhood's co-founder Mykola Hulak "was imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress (1847-50), then exiled to Perm under strict police surveillance (1850-59)"[5].