in the campaign “"Constriction of Chechnya from all sides": blockade, secret war, punitive expeditions and the Sunzha Line (1840-1846)”
The trade with Chechnya that remained permitted, the empire drove under its own control - into state barter yards (exchange points supervised by officials). Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: "Free trade of Russians with the highlanders on the border line, including with the Chechens, was forbidden. All trade operations had to pass under the control of state officials, who saw to it that goods of military character did not reach the highlanders - 'beyond the border'. In addition, a number of restrictions were introduced on the sale of iron, salt, gold and other goods"[1]. The network of controlled points expanded: in the second half of the 1840s the number of barter yards was brought to 11; in 1846 barter points were opened in the Cossack stanitsas of Chervlennaya and Mozdokskaya; over 1846 the highlanders brought goods worth 231 thousand rubles to all the barter yards[1].