in the campaign “Collective punishment in the abrek era: fines, quartering of troops and exile for Zelimkhan (1905-1913)”
In 1911 the Russian Empire appointed "government elders" in the zone of Zelimkhan's operations and put troops on the residents' own upkeep: "Military teams were sent to be quartered in the villages of Kharachoy, Dyshne-Vedeno, Mekhkety, Zavirkhi, Khattuni, Eshelkhotoy, Elistandzhi, Tauzen, Isti-Su, Mayrtup, Khoy, Ikharoy, Rigakhoy, Makazhoy, Avtury and the Varanda hamlets"[1]. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write of this practice: "the sending of military units into Chechen villages was widely practiced, and their upkeep lay as a heavy burden on the local residents"[1].