in the campaign “Collective punishment in the abrek era: fines, quartering of troops and exile for Zelimkhan (1905-1913)”
At the end of 1906 a punitive detachment of the Russian Empire, with artillery and Cossacks, was restoring imperial power in the Vedeno okrug: "the villages of Nizhaloy, Nokhch-Keloy, Khoy and Makazhoy, whose residents stubbornly refused to submit, were subjected to artillery bombardment"; it was noted that as a result of the punitive expedition "...the greater part of the population of the Vedeno okrug, seized by panic, fled to the mountains, where it suffers hunger and cold"; several hundred people were arrested, most of them convicted and exiled[1]. In August 1908 the village of Tsatsan-Yurt was subjected to an "execution" with mass searches[1].