in the campaign “"Only Pardoned": Alien Rule and the Suppression of Chechen and Ingush National Life (1965-1989)”
In 1965-1989 the coloniser, by law and by administrative decisions, kept the Chechens out of the cities and factories of their own republic. The coloniser had restricted the residence registration of Chechens in Grozny as early as 1958; historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: "these restrictions in fact ceased to operate only in the 1980s"[1]. Historian A. B. Kuznetsova writes that in the early 1970s "the leadership of the ChIASSR [the Chechen-Ingush republic] (in agreement with the union centre [Moscow]) declared that the labour resources of the republic (read: the unemployed) had to be used locally"[2]. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write: "Already in 1979 up to 28% of all able-bodied inhabitants of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, according to official statistics, derived their main income from work on their personal household plots, that is, were in fact unemployed. Ten years later the level of hidden unemployment, by some estimates, had risen to 40%"[1].