in the campaign “First Russian-Chechen War (1994–1996)”
In the autumn of 1994, Russia attacked the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria under the name of a puppet opposition, and on 11 December 1994 the Russian army openly invaded the republic. On the seized land of Ichkeria, the occupiers installed their own organs of governance in place of the elected leadership of the republic.
On 30 November 1994, eleven days before the open invasion, Russian President Yeltsin, by secret Decree No. 2137, ordered the creation of a special administration for Ichkeria under the command of the Russian military. At the head of this administration stood the "leadership group" of Russian Defense Minister Grachev. Grachev received the right to direct the work of all Russian agencies, troops and special services in Ichkeria and to remove their officials[1][2].
In the seized towns and villages, the command of the occupation troops set up military commandant's offices with broad powers over Chechens[2].
On 17 December 1994, Russian President Yeltsin, by Decree No. 2200, ordered the Russian government to create within five days in Ichkeria an occupation civil administration made up of local branches of Russian ministries and agencies[3]. At the head of the administration Yeltsin placed his plenipotentiary representative in Ichkeria, Minister for Nationalities Yegorov. On 20 December, the Russian government, by Resolution No. 1411, obliged all enterprises, organizations and institutions of Ichkeria to carry out Yegorov's decisions until the Constitution and laws of Russia were in full operation in the republic[2].
The prosecutor's office and police of the puppet government were part of the Russian prosecutor's office and Ministry of Internal Affairs (see: "Puppet Government")[2].
In January 1995, Russia replaced Yegorov at the head of the occupation administration with Semyonov, one of the leaders of Chechen-Ingushetia under Soviet rule. Semyonov's deputies were three appointees from the puppet opposition[2]. On 29 December 1995, Russian President Yeltsin, by Decree No. 1430, gave Russian Interior Minister Kulikov charge in Ichkeria of maintaining order, fighting crime and disarming the army of the republic[2].
On 19 February 1996, the Russian president, by Decree No. 214, repealed Decree No. 2200, by which he had created the occupation administration[3]. In March 1996, Semyonov, head of the administration, left his post[2]. On 5 June 1996, the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs created in Grozny, the capital of Ichkeria, a Coordination Center headed by Golubets, first deputy interior minister of Russia[2].
On 29 March 1995, István Gyarmati, personal representative of the Chairman of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), reported to the OSCE Permanent Council in Vienna on his trip to Ichkeria. The OSCE press release on the report says: "The report expressed worry that the newly established local authorities in the Chechen Republic are viewed by many Chechens as alien to them and that Chechen politicians who support the federal [Russian] authorities are not supported by the population"[4].
On 23 November 1996, Russian President Yeltsin, by Decree No. 1590, ordered the withdrawal from the Chechen Republic of the 101st Brigade of the Internal Troops (predecessors of today's Rosgvardia) and the 205th Brigade of the Russian army, and allowed the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs to guard people and important facilities only in agreement with the leadership of the Chechen Republic[5][6].
In August 1996, the Armed Forces of Ichkeria liberated Grozny from the occupiers, forcing Russia to the negotiating table[6]. On 31 August 1996, peace agreements were signed in Khasavyurt (see: "Sham Treaties")[7]. On 31 December 1996, the last Russian troops left the republic[2]. On 27 January 1997, the citizens of Ichkeria elected a parliament and a president - Aslan Maskhadov[2].