Aggressors may deal reprisals to people who have fallen into their power and take no active part in hostilities - those surrendering, prisoners and detainees, military and civilian alike: issue orders that no quarter be given, kill people as they surrender, execute and torture them in captivity. International law protects this category unconditionally: Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions covers everyone «taking no active part in the hostilities», including those who have laid down their arms and those in detention; the wilful killing of a prisoner of war is a «grave breach» of the Third Convention (Article 130), of a civilian in a party's hands - of the Fourth Convention (Article 147); the Rome Statute treats these acts as war crimes (Articles 8(2)(a)(i), 8(2)(b)(vi), 8(2)(b)(xii) and 8(2)(c)(i)), and attacking persons hors de combat is also prohibited by customary Rule 47 of the study by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).