The Valuev Circular: Ban on the Language and Schools (1862–1869)
A state campaign to destroy the Ukrainian language and culture. It included the closure of Sunday schools, a ban on the national press, official denial of the language's existence (the Valuev Circular), the removal of historical archives to Moscow, and direct monetary bonuses paid to officials for the Russification of the local population[1].
Actors
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
Elimination of education in the native language: "Ukrainian Sunday schools were closed"[1]. |
Techniques Used
| ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0101 | Censorship |
Closure of the national press: "The publication of the Ukrainian literary and scholarly-political journal ‘Osnova’ ceased"[1]. |
|
| T0010 | Denial of a Distinct Identity |
Official refusal to recognize the language and identity: "There was no Ukrainian language, there is none, and there cannot be one, and whoever does not understand this is an enemy of Russia"[1]. |
|
| T0045 | Destruction of Historical Memory |
Confiscation of historical documents: "Thousands of archival materials weighing poods were taken to Moscow after the judicial reform... many documents of liquidated institutions ended up there"[1]. |
|
| T0114 | .003 | Educational Assimilation: Conversion of Schools to the Metropole's Language |
Elimination of education in the native language: "Ukrainian Sunday schools were closed"[1]. |
| T0130 | Financial Incentives for Assimilators |
Introduction of bonus payments to officials for the policy of denationalization: "By law, officials of all departments were granted a substantial bonus for Russification"[1]. |
|
| T0113 | .001 | Linguistic Assimilation: Legislative Ban on the Native Language |
Issuance of a circular that banned the use of the language: "The Valuev Circular..."[1]. |
Instruments
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| S0008 | Government |
Elimination of education in the native language: "Ukrainian Sunday schools were closed"[1]. |