The Ems Ukaz and Total Censorship (1876–1887)
The complete displacement of the language from the cultural and literary sphere. The campaign included a ban on the import of books, on theatrical performances, and on texts printed under musical notation, as well as the imposition of Russian orthography on permitted dictionaries and censors' refusal to read Ukrainian manuscripts[1].
Actors
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
Decree of Alexander II: "A ban on importing Ukrainian books from abroad, a ban on printing Ukrainian texts under musical scores, a ban on Ukrainian theatrical performances"[1]. |
Techniques Used
| ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0101 | Censorship |
The censorship's refusal to consider national manuscripts: "The censor returned the manuscript of a grammar of the Ukrainian language without reading it"[1]. |
|
| T0115 | .001 | Cultural Assimilation: Replacement of the Native Language's Alphabet |
Forcible imposition of the metropole's orthography: "a law permitting the printing of dictionaries... but only in Russian orthography"[1]. |
| T0010 | Denial of a Distinct Identity |
Ideological justification of the censor's refusal: "writing back to the author that there was no need to permit for printing a grammar of a language doomed to nonexistence"[1]. |
|
| T0113 | .001 | Linguistic Assimilation: Legislative Ban on the Native Language |
Decree of Alexander II: "A ban on importing Ukrainian books from abroad, a ban on printing Ukrainian texts under musical scores, a ban on Ukrainian theatrical performances"[1]. |
Instruments
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| S0008 | Government |
Decree of Alexander II: "A ban on importing Ukrainian books from abroad, a ban on printing Ukrainian texts under musical scores, a ban on Ukrainian theatrical performances"[1]. |