Seizure of Religious Institutions

Aggressors may establish direct forcible and administrative control over local religious institutions, depriving them of canonical independence and subordinating them to their own spiritual centers. The elimination of independent jurisdiction makes it possible to remove authoritative national institutions (seizure of governance) and to use the religious apparatus for the long-term imposition of loyalty and the ideological consolidation of the occupation.

ID: T0100
Sub-techniques:  No sub-techniques
Peoples: Nokhchi (Chechens), Ukrainians
Contributors: decolonial.ist project
Version: 1.1
Created: 21 April 2026
Last Modified: 9 August 2026

Procedures Carried Out


January 1685
C0008 Annexation of the Kyiv Metropolis by the Moscow Patriarchate (1685–1690)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0011 Moscow Patriarchate

The liquidation of independent jurisdiction to turn the church into an instrument of assimilation – the annexation of the Ukrainian church to the Muscovite one in 1686[1]. The Ecumenical Patriarchate later officially stated that these actions "were carried out entirely out of accord with the lawful canonical prescriptions"[2].

January 1839
C0059 Liquidation of the Greek Catholic Church (1839)
G0009 Russian Empire
S0008 Government

The liquidation of the independent spiritual structure on the Right Bank in 1839: "in connection with the tsarist regime's liquidation of the Union in this region (1839), the monastery was closed, and its buildings destroyed"[3].

January 1927
C1178 Collectivization of Chechnya (1927-1936)
G0010 USSR
S0008 Government

The colonizer took from the Chechen clergy the donations of their congregations and closed their houses of worship. In the autumn of 1929 in Goity the colonizers were confiscating a mosque over an unfulfilled "grain assignment" - a quota of grain owed to the empire; Shita Istamulov, leader of the uprising in Shali, spoke of it: "Look what an outrage they are committing in Goity; they have announced: until you deliver the grain, we will take away the mosque for that time. What good is this, when the Chechen people is being robbed of its last faith..."[4]. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write that in 1929 in the Nadterechny district "an experiment begins in removing the mullahs from the distribution of the voluntary donations of Muslims for the benefit of the poor and the clergy - the zakat" - the empire handed the distribution over to its own peasant mutual-aid committees[5]. The colonizer destroyed the greater part of the mosques of Chechnya - the before-and-after count is given by historian K. G. Dendiev: before the Russian revolution Chechnya had "2,675 mosques, 60 thousand murids [disciples of sheikhs], members of various religious organizations, 38 sheikhs, 850 mullahs and 140 religious schools", - and the count of mid-1937: "401 mosques, not counting the kub ones [small neighborhood mosques]", at which "406 mullahs worked"[4]. Belov, commander of the occupation troops of the North Caucasus Military District, in the district command's report to the krai committee of the party (the "North Caucasus kraikom VKP(b)") on the results of the military operation of spring 1930, named the closing of mosques on the colonizers' orders among the causes for which the Chechen auls had risen in arms[6].

January 1933
C0079 Cultural Terror and the "Executed Renaissance" (1933–1938)
G0010 USSR
S0017 Secret Police and Security Services

Mass closure and destruction of churches, as well as repressions against clergy, aimed at the complete destruction of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC)[7].

References