Ban on Culture and the Press Before World War I (1913–1914)
The Russian Empire continued destroying the indigenous people's culture on the eve of the war: the curator of the Kyiv school district, Derevytsky, in 1913 "issued an instruction in which he declared students' attendance of Ukrainian theatrical performances as inadmissible as spending time in billiard halls or beer houses, and in 1914 categorically forbade all educational institutions of the Kyiv district to mark the 100th jubilee of Taras Shevchenko"[1]; with the outbreak of the war, Nicholas II by a personal decree of 20 July 1914 introduced military censorship with the command's right "to suspend periodical publications"[2] - and that very day the military authorities of the Kyiv military district closed the only Ukrainian daily newspaper, "Rada"[3].
Actors
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| G0009 | Russian Empire | 3 |
Instruments Applied
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| S0008 | Government | 3 |
Procedures Carried Out
The ban on attending cultural events: the district curator "issued an instruction in which he declared students' attendance of Ukrainian theatrical performances as inadmissible as spending time in billiard halls or beer houses"[1].
The erasure of the memory of national heroes: "In January 1914, minister of internal affairs Nikolai Maklakov signed a circular by which he forbade throughout all governorates of the empire 'public celebrations of the Little Russian writer Taras Shevchenko'"[4].
The purge of the information space: Nicholas II's personal decree of 20 July 1914 on military censorship gave the command the right "to forbid for a set term, by their own authority and within the locality subordinate to them, any assemblies whatsoever, and to suspend periodical publications, as well as the transmission of postal items and telegrams"[2]. On this basis the military administration of the Kyiv military district that very day closed the only Ukrainian daily newspaper, "Rada," and confiscated at the printing house the print runs of "Svitlo" and of the "Literary-Scientific Herald," and on 9 January 1915 all Ukrainian periodicals were shut down[3].