Black Hundred Terror and Pogroms (1905–1907)
The imperial authorities sponsor and cover for radical Russian nationalist organizations for the suppression of the revolution and for terror. The "Union of the Russian People" was "a Black-Hundred organization… The organization received financial support from the state and was patronized by Russian emperor Nicholas II… Mass Jewish pogroms provoked by the 'Union' took place, particularly in Ukraine, in the 'Pale of Settlement'"[1]; of its 400 thousand members, nearly half were in Ukrainian cities[1].
Actors
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| G0009 | Russian Empire | 3 |
Instruments Applied
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services | 2 |
| S0024 | Police Apparatus | 1 |
Procedures Carried Out
State support for reactionary organizations: "The organization received financial support from the state and was patronized by Russian emperor Nicholas II. In 1907 there existed about 800 local branches of the 'Union'"[1].
Mass Jewish pogroms with the connivance and complicity of the police: in October 1905 "over 600 pogroms and over 800 killed were registered"[2]. In Odesa, "Low-ranking policemen and soldiers failed to interfere with the pogromists and in many instances participated in the looting and killing"[3], and the commander of the district's troops told policemen: "all of us sympathize in our souls with the pogrom"[3].
The intimidation of the population and suppression of the liberation movement by radical monarchist organizations whose program rested on the principles of "the unity and indivisibility of the Russian Empire, the preservation of autocracy… great-power chauvinism, antisemitism, militant Orthodoxy"[1]. The outcome was "the mass Jewish pogroms provoked by the 'Union,' particularly in Ukraine, in the 'Pale of Settlement'"[1].