Use of the Nokhchi in Military Expeditions, Intervention, and Imposition of Yasak (1626–1628)
The occupation administration of the metropole and forces loyal to it used the subjugated Nokhchi (Okochans) in armed conflicts and carried out military interventions into the mountain territories. Historian I. Kh. Tkhamokova states that in 1626, to support allied feudal lords, the voivodes sent «Terek uzdens and Cherkasy and newly baptized ones and Okochans, 252 men, as well as Terek atamans and Cossacks with the Terek mounted streltsy head Fadey Voloshenin and with sotniks, 500 men»[1][2]. In 1628, after mountaineers killed five Cossacks, a retaliatory invasion followed: Tkhamokova indicates that during the armed campaign the Kabardian murza Konshov-murza Bitemryukov «went against these «mountain people» together with the «free» atamans and Cossacks and with the «Okochans»»[1]. In parallel, the metropole coerced the mountain societies of the Nokhchi into legal subjugation and payment of tribute in kind. A dispatch from the Terek voivodes Ivan Andreevich Dashkov and Bogdan Gerasimovich Priklonsky to the Ambassadorial Prikaz records information about «the oath given by the Shibut men Lavarsan Yazyev and Zatyshka Lavarsanov on behalf of 20 households in 1627»[3]. The document dryly states the administration's demand that the mountaineers «not fall away from the sovereign and remain under the sovereign's hand in direct kholopstvo (servitude)»[3] and undertake to «pay yasak of one kul of honey per year»[3].
Actors
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The occupation administration compelled the subordinate Nokhchi to take part in armed conflicts: in their petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Okotsky murza Kokhostrov Biytemirov and the serving Okochans of Tersky Town reported that «we, your sovereign's kholops (bonded servants), fight your sovereign's disobedient ones, not sparing our heads; for you, sovereign, we shed our blood and lay down our heads»[3]. |
Techniques Used
| ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0049 | Forced Mobilization |
The occupation administration compelled the subordinate Nokhchi to take part in armed conflicts: in their petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Okotsky murza Kokhostrov Biytemirov and the serving Okochans of Tersky Town reported that «we, your sovereign's kholops (bonded servants), fight your sovereign's disobedient ones, not sparing our heads; for you, sovereign, we shed our blood and lay down our heads»[3]. |
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| T0147 | Forced Registration of Subjecthood |
The occupation administration demanded that the Nokhchi mountain communities (the Shibutians) legally formalize their subordinate status: a report from the Terek voivodes Ivan Andreyevich Dashkov and Bogdan Gerasimovich Priklonsky to the Posolsky Prikaz records information about «the oath given by the Shibutians Lavarsan Yazyev and Zatyshka Lavarsanov on behalf of 20 households in 1627»[3], with a direct injunction that they «not fall away from the sovereign and remain under the sovereign's hand in outright bondage (kholopstvo)»[3]. |
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| T0019 | Military Intervention |
Armed detachments loyal to the metropole carried out incursions into the territories of the Nokhchi mountain communities in order to suppress their resistance: the historian I. Kh. Tkhamokova notes that in 1628 the Kabardian murza Konshov-murza Bitemryukov «went against these "mountain people" together with the "free" atamans and Cossacks and with the "Okochans"»[1]. |
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| T0056 | Taxation |
The occupation administration imposed an annual tribute in kind on the Nokhchi mountain communities (the Shibutians): a report from the Terek voivodes Ivan Andreyevich Dashkov and Bogdan Gerasimovich Priklonsky to the Posolsky Prikaz states that when subjecthood was formalized in 1627, the mountaineers were required «to give yasak at one kul (sack) of honey per year»[3]. |
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Instruments
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
The occupation administration compelled the subordinate Nokhchi to take part in armed conflicts: in their petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Okotsky murza Kokhostrov Biytemirov and the serving Okochans of Tersky Town reported that «we, your sovereign's kholops (bonded servants), fight your sovereign's disobedient ones, not sparing our heads; for you, sovereign, we shed our blood and lay down our heads»[3]. |