Suppression of the Uprising, Military Intervention, and Forced Formalization of Subjecthood (1722)
In 1722, the Russian Empire employed the regular army for the physical suppression of the armed resistance of the Indigenous population. The uprising was caused by the economic policy of the occupation administration: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that "the mountain peoples continued to motivate their discontent by the discriminatory measures of the administration of the town of Terki toward trading Highlanders"[1]. As a result of this pressure, "the Chechen and Enderi lords and their subjects refused to swear an oath of submission to the tsarist authorities"[1]. In response, the metropole organized punitive measures: within the framework of Peter I’s Persian campaign, the government dispatched troops to the territories inhabited by Nokhchi communities. Historian Sh. B. Akhmadov records that "on July 23, 1722, a tsarist detachment led by General Veterani... approached the village of Enderi"[1]. Because of the Highlanders’ resistance, a new strike followed: he points out that on August 4, 1722, by decree of Peter I, "a punitive expedition was carried out a second time against the insurgent Chechens and the Enderi people"[1]. Military pressure was accompanied by the total destruction of infrastructure: the researcher states that one of the tsarist detachments "came to Enderi and completely ravaged and burned it, leaving nothing but ashes behind"[1], while in the course of the August raid "3,000 houses were destroyed and the grain in the fields was burned"[1]. The operation was carried out in collusion with a third party: Akhmadov adds that the forces included "an armed detachment of Kalmyks numbering 3,730 men, sent by Ayuka Khan at the tsar’s request"[1]. The radical violence led to the legal subjugation of the borderland territories of the Nokhchi: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that after the defeat the local princes swore an oath, "‘including in it, for the first time, their Chechens as well’"[2].
Actors
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire deployed armed contingents to suppress resistance in the region: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov records that "on July 23, 1722, a tsarist detachment headed by General Veterani... approached the village of Enderi"[1]. |
Techniques Used
| ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0039 | Collusion with a Third Party |
The diplomatic apparatus of the Russian Empire enlisted loyal forces of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that the 1722 military expedition included "an armed detachment of Kalmyks, sent by Ayuka Khan at the tsar's request, numbering 3,730 men"[1]. |
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| T0147 | Forced Registration of Subjecthood |
The diplomatic apparatus of the Russian Empire expanded the legal subjugation of the Nokhchi territories under threat of military annihilation: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that having suffered defeat in 1722, the local princes took an oath of allegiance, "'including in it for the first time also their Chechens'"[2]. |
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| T0019 | Military Intervention |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire deployed armed contingents to suppress resistance in the region: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov records that "on July 23, 1722, a tsarist detachment headed by General Veterani... approached the village of Enderi"[1]. |
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| T0077 | Punitive Expeditions |
The government of the Russian Empire purposefully organized military actions to punish the defiant Indigenous population: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov points out that on August 4, 1722, by decree of Peter I, "a punitive expedition was carried out for a second time against the rebellious Chechens and Andreevtsy"[1]. |
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| T0105 | Total Destruction of Infrastructure |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire destroyed the settlements and the food supply base of the highlanders: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that a tsarist detachment "came to Enderi and completely devastated and burned it, leaving nothing but ashes behind"[1], while during the August 1722 raid "3 thousand houses were destroyed and the grain in the fields was burned"[1]. |
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Instruments
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| S0009 | Diplomacy |
The diplomatic apparatus of the Russian Empire enlisted loyal forces of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that the 1722 military expedition included "an armed detachment of Kalmyks, sent by Ayuka Khan at the tsar's request, numbering 3,730 men"[1]. |
| S0008 | Government |
The government of the Russian Empire purposefully organized military actions to punish the defiant Indigenous population: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov points out that on August 4, 1722, by decree of Peter I, "a punitive expedition was carried out for a second time against the rebellious Chechens and Andreevtsy"[1]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire deployed armed contingents to suppress resistance in the region: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov records that "on July 23, 1722, a tsarist detachment headed by General Veterani... approached the village of Enderi"[1]. |