Aggressors may use diplomatic agreements as an instrument of legal entrapment for an Indigenous people. When concluding a treaty of protectorate or alliance, the colonizer refuses from the outset to assume symmetrical obligations, using the text of the agreement solely to curtail the rights of the local population. This creates a legal basis for subsequent unilateral interference and the dismantling of independent institutions without a formal declaration of war.
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| C1112 | Beginning of the political subjugation of the Nokhchi (1588–1591) |
The occupation administration imposed vassalage under the guise of an equal alliance: historian Murat Yasar notes that the rulers «regarded the shert rather as a military alliance»[1], whereas historian Michael Khodarkovsky points out that «in Moscow's eyes, the shert now signified an oath of allegiance by the tsar's new and loyal subjects»[2]. |
| S0009 | Diplomacy |
The Tsardom of Muscovy exploited the critical position of the Hetmanate to impose a format of subordination, refusing from the outset to take on symmetrical obligations. The tsar's envoy demonstratively rejected the Cossacks' demand for a mutual oath, turning the agreement into an instrument of unilateral absorption: "Buturlin refused to swear an oath on behalf of the tsar, citing the fact that the tsar does not swear oaths to his subjects. No written treaty was concluded at Pereiaslav"[3]. |
| S0009 | Diplomacy |
Use of the "union treaty" format of June 1, 1919, and December 28, 1920, not to create an equal federation but as an instrument for legalizing direct, rigid rule from Moscow[4]. |
| S0009 | Diplomacy |
The occupation administration imposed vassalage under the guise of an equal alliance: historian Murat Yasar notes that the rulers «regarded the shert rather as a military alliance»[1], whereas historian Michael Khodarkovsky points out that «in Moscow's eyes, the shert now signified an oath of allegiance by the tsar's new and loyal subjects»[2]. |
| S0008 | Government |
Use of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR (December 1922) to formally declare a union of equal republics, masking the final centralization of power in Moscow[5]. |
| C0075 | Institutional Absorption through a "Military-Political Union" (1919–1921) |
Use of the "union treaty" format of June 1, 1919, and December 28, 1920, not to create an equal federation but as an instrument for legalizing direct, rigid rule from Moscow[4]. |
| C0076 | Legal Absorption through the Creation of the USSR (1922–1924) |
Use of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR (December 1922) to formally declare a union of equal republics, masking the final centralization of power in Moscow[5]. |
| C0001 | Pereiaslav Council (1654) |
The Tsardom of Muscovy exploited the critical position of the Hetmanate to impose a format of subordination, refusing from the outset to take on symmetrical obligations. The tsar's envoy demonstratively rejected the Cossacks' demand for a mutual oath, turning the agreement into an instrument of unilateral absorption: "Buturlin refused to swear an oath on behalf of the tsar, citing the fact that the tsar does not swear oaths to his subjects. No written treaty was concluded at Pereiaslav"[3]. |
| G0013 | Soviet Russia (RSFSR) |
Use of the "union treaty" format of June 1, 1919, and December 28, 1920, not to create an equal federation but as an instrument for legalizing direct, rigid rule from Moscow[4]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The Tsardom of Muscovy exploited the critical position of the Hetmanate to impose a format of subordination, refusing from the outset to take on symmetrical obligations. The tsar's envoy demonstratively rejected the Cossacks' demand for a mutual oath, turning the agreement into an instrument of unilateral absorption: "Buturlin refused to swear an oath on behalf of the tsar, citing the fact that the tsar does not swear oaths to his subjects. No written treaty was concluded at Pereiaslav"[3]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The occupation administration imposed vassalage under the guise of an equal alliance: historian Murat Yasar notes that the rulers «regarded the shert rather as a military alliance»[1], whereas historian Michael Khodarkovsky points out that «in Moscow's eyes, the shert now signified an oath of allegiance by the tsar's new and loyal subjects»[2]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Use of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR (December 1922) to formally declare a union of equal republics, masking the final centralization of power in Moscow[5]. |