Suppression of the Uprising of Murat Kuchukov and Terror against the Indigenous Population (1708)
In 1708, the Tsardom of Muscovy employed radical violence to suppress an armed uprising of the Indigenous population. The revolt was caused by the methods previously laid down by the metropole within the campaign C1124: Punitive Raids and Economic Strangulation of the Nokhchi, 1691–1700: systematic abuses by the voevodas and a discriminatory economic policy. Historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that, because of the duties, "the economic interaction of the Vainakhs with Russia... was practically paralyzed"[1]. In response to the siege of the town of Terki by detachments led by Murat Kuchukov, the government organized large-scale operations: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that "the measures taken by Peter I to combat the Bulavin ‘rebellion’ and other uprisings, including on the Terek against Chechnya, were, in essence, punitive"[2]. The Regular Army carried out sweep operations: he emphasizes that "military detachments were sent to the Terek that physically exterminated any population showing the slightest disobedience"[2]. Military pressure was supplemented by collusion with a third party: the researcher adds that on September 30, 1708, the diplomatic apparatus concluded an agreement with the Kalmyk khan Ayuka that included a clause "on the persecution of Chechens and Nogais"[2]. To neutralize the opposition, the metropole took the leader of the insurgents captive: Akhmadov points out that the tsar "personally decided the fate of the rebel leaders"[2], as a result of which the leader, "taken prisoner while wounded, was hanged"[2]. Total intimidation was ensured through demonstrative terror: the author records that the execution was carried out "by the rib on a hook, in accordance with Peter I’s order to P.M. Apraksin (‘inflict a cruel death penalty’)"[2].
Actors
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy organized military operations against Nokhchi societies: the historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that «the measures taken by Peter I to combat the Bulavin «rebeliya» and other uprisings, including on the Terek against Chechnya, were in essence punitive»[2]. |
Techniques Used
| ID | Name | Use | |
|---|---|---|---|
| T0039 | Collusion with a Third Party |
The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy concluded an alliance agreement with Kalmyk forces for joint actions against the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that on September 30, 1708, "at the negotiations between Peter's military commander P.M. Apraksin and the Kalmyk khan Ayuka, an agreement of eight articles was concluded, including 'on the pursuit of the Chechens and Nogais'"[2]. |
|
| T0104 | Mass Killings of Civilians |
The regular army of the Tsardom of Muscovy physically exterminated inhabitants who refused to submit to the occupation: the historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that in 1708 «military detachments were sent to the Terek that physically annihilated any population showing the slightest disobedience»[2]. |
|
| T0021 | Neutralization of the Opposition |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy captured and physically eliminated a resistance leader: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that the tsar "personally decided the fate of the insurgent leaders"[2], as a result of which the leader Murat Kuchukov, "taken prisoner while wounded, was hanged"[2]. |
|
| T0077 | Punitive Expeditions |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy organized military operations against Nokhchi societies: the historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that «the measures taken by Peter I to combat the Bulavin «rebeliya» and other uprisings, including on the Terek against Chechnya, were in essence punitive»[2]. |
|
| T0022 | Terror |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy used demonstrative brutal executions to psychologically break the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov records that the captured leader of the uprising was "hanged by a rib on a hook in accordance with Peter I's order to P.M. Apraksin ('carry out a cruel death penalty')"[2]. |
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Instruments
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| S0009 | Diplomacy |
The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy concluded an alliance agreement with Kalmyk forces for joint actions against the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that on September 30, 1708, "at the negotiations between Peter's military commander P.M. Apraksin and the Kalmyk khan Ayuka, an agreement of eight articles was concluded, including 'on the pursuit of the Chechens and Nogais'"[2]. |
| S0008 | Government |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy captured and physically eliminated a resistance leader: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that the tsar "personally decided the fate of the insurgent leaders"[2], as a result of which the leader Murat Kuchukov, "taken prisoner while wounded, was hanged"[2]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy organized military operations against Nokhchi societies: the historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that «the measures taken by Peter I to combat the Bulavin «rebeliya» and other uprisings, including on the Terek against Chechnya, were in essence punitive»[2]. |