Police Apparatus

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The final legal enserfment of Ukrainian peasants (the decree of 1783), depriving them of the right to free movement and cementing their social marginalization^[1].

Use of the Black Hundreds to organize mass and bloody pogroms against Jews and reprisals against the opposition with the connivance or direct support of the police^[2].

Introduction of harsh territorial discrimination. The decree restricted the zone of residence and economic activity of the Jewish population, drawing the Pale of Settlement predominantly through colonized Ukrainian territories^[7].

Coercion of residents of the occupied territories (Mariupol, Kherson, and others) into obtaining Russian passports. Refusal of the aggressor's passport entails the threat of being deprived of housing, medical care, and basic social services.

The metropole's occupation administration legally prohibited the free residence of the Indigenous population in Tersky Town, organizing the forced expulsion of unapproved persons and total demographic control: in 1631, Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich issued a decree to the Prikaz of the Kazan Palace ordering a census of the newly arrived Nokhchi (Michkizians and Okochans) and ruling that those of them «who cannot be trusted» must be «ordered to be expelled out of Tersky Town, and ordered to go back whence each had come»^[4]; to ensure surveillance, in the state register of serving people for the region of the Prikaz of the Kazan Palace for 1637, the central authorities recorded in detail the number of subordinate residents of Tersky Town, including 350 «Okotsky people» and 680 newly arrived «Okochans, and Tatars, and Michkizians, and Shibutians»^[5]; and in 1640, on the orders of the Terek voivode, the Terek syn boyarsky P. Lukin and the clerk F. Belkov compiled a name-by-name register of the population of the Terek slobodas, rigidly recording every household of the subordinate Nokhchi (Okochans)^[4][5].

Physical elimination of resistance leaders at the hands of the militia and law enforcement agencies: the murder of the head of the Volyn Rukh organization, the death of activist Melenkovskyi after a "conversation" at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and extrajudicial killings^[3].