Aggressors may use systemic, demonstrative, and large-scale violence against the local population. This form of radical pressure is used to neutralize defenses in the active phase of a conflict and for the subsequent consolidation of the occupation regime. Carrying out mass extrajudicial executions, public reprisals, and torture is aimed at the total psychological breaking of the colonized society's will, the physical suppression of resistance, and coercion into unconditional submission.
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| C0068 | Black Hundred Terror and Pogroms (1905–1907) |
Intimidation of the population and suppression of the liberation movement in Ukraine by radical monarchist gangs during the revolution[1]. |
| C0101 | Continuation of the Russo-Ukrainian War: Armed Aggression in the Donbas (2014–2015) |
Engagement in combat operations of Russian neo-Nazi groups (such as the "Rusich" sabotage and reconnaissance group under the command of A. Milchakov), whose ringleaders openly called for unmotivated sadistic violence against civilians ("Slaughter the homeless, the puppies, and the children!")[2]. |
| C0079 | Cultural Terror and the "Executed Renaissance" (1933–1938) |
Creation of an atmosphere of total paralyzing fear in society through the fabrication of cases (for example, the "Union for the Liberation of Ukraine") and the staging of public show trials[3]. |
| C1143 | Demonstrative destruction of the aul of Dadi-Yurt and the erection of the Vnezapnaya fortress to force the Nokhchi off the Kumyk plain (1819) |
The Russian Empire destroyed a single village demonstratively, in order to terrorize the rest of the Nokhchi into abandoning their lands. Imperial historian Potto writes that general Yermolov decided to clear the Kumyk plain, "forcing the Chechens to withdraw… beyond the Kachkalyk mountain ridge," and they could be compelled to do so "only by an example of terror," and the aul of Dadi-Yurt "was chosen as the expiatory sacrifice"[4]. Yermolov himself admits this calculation in his "Notes": "only an example of terror can compel them to remove their wives," and after the destruction of the aul "the example of Dadan-Yurt spread terror everywhere"[5]. |
| C1021 | Destruction of the Nokhchi Villages along the Sunzha and Erection of the Groznaya Fortress in Their Place (1817–1818) |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire instilled submission through fear of the demonstrative destruction of families. Imperial general Yermolov, in his "Address" to the Chechens, declared: "The slightest disobedience… and your auls will be destroyed, your families sold off into the mountains, the amanats hanged, villages exterminated by fire, women and children slaughtered"[6][4]. |
| C1155 | Extermination of 61 settlements of lowland Chechnya and mountainous Ichkeria by Rosen's troops, burning alive of the defenders of Germenchuk, and extortion of hostages from 80 villages (1832) |
On August 23, 1832, during the storming of Germenchuk, the troops of corps commander Baron Rosen burned alive about 60 encircled defenders of the village, led by Mullah Abdurakhman, who had refused to surrender. Rosen reported to Minister of War Chernyshev: a group "numbering about 60 men ... led by ... Mullah Abdur-Rakhman, was cut off and surrounded by us in one large house"[7]. The imperial historian Volkonsky, writing on the basis of Rosen’s dispatches, acknowledges the method of the massacre: "Major General Volkhovsky ordered burning firewood and hay to be thrown into the chimneys. This had its effect... while the greater part, together with Mullah Abdurakhman, perished in the flames, continuing to chant verses of the Quran"[8]. The demonstrative burning of people alive served to terrorize all of Chechnya; Volkonsky acknowledges the calculation: the destruction of Germenchuk "was bound to have the most crushing effect on the Chechens"[8]. |
| S0008 | Government |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy used demonstrative brutal executions to psychologically break the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov records that the captured leader of the uprising was "hanged by a rib on a hook in accordance with Peter I's order to P.M. Apraksin ('carry out a cruel death penalty')"[9]. |
| C0014 | Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich (1709) |
Public executions of captured Cossacks, the display of heads on stakes, and the floating of rafts with gallows down the Dnipro for intimidation[10]. |
| C1147 | Mass Killing of Elders Summoned to a Demonstrative Execution at Gerzel-Aul (1825) |
The Russian Empire exterminated people for show in order to terrorize the highlanders. Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that at the Gerzel-aul fortification «the tsarist generals decided to stage a demonstrative execution to intimidate the highlanders», for which they summoned «318 respected men from the Aksai (Kumyk and Chechen) villages», whom General Lisanevich, «calling out those assembled one by one… threatened and subjected to insults»[6]. |
| C0012 | Mazepa's Defection to Sweden and the Baturyn Massacre (1708) |
The demonstrative destruction of the town as an act of intimidation for the rest of the country. Peter I personally gave the order: "and Baturyn, as a sign to the traitors (since they resisted), burn entirely as an example to others"[11][12][13][14]. |
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
Use of crude physical force by representatives of the party nomenklatura: secretaries of CPU district committees and collective farm chairmen personally took part in brutal beatings of Rukh activists and dissidents (in particular, V. Ovsiienko and O. Hudyma) to intimidate the population[15]. |
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
Engagement in combat operations of Russian neo-Nazi groups (such as the "Rusich" sabotage and reconnaissance group under the command of A. Milchakov), whose ringleaders openly called for unmotivated sadistic violence against civilians ("Slaughter the homeless, the puppies, and the children!")[2]. |
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
The occupation administration of Tersky Town employed mass terrorizing violence: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky reported that the military detachments «burned down and utterly ruined many Shibut and Kalkan and Erokhan and Michkiz kabaks»[16] and «slew many peo[ple]»[16]. |
| C0085 | Postwar Ideological Terror ("Zhdanovshchina") (1946–1953) |
Organization of public political persecution (attacks on M. Rylsky, V. Sosiura, and Yu. Yanovsky; the campaign to "combat cosmopolitans"), instilling an atmosphere of paralyzing fear and suspicion in society[11]. |
| S0021 | Propaganda |
Organization of public political persecution (attacks on M. Rylsky, V. Sosiura, and Yu. Yanovsky; the campaign to "combat cosmopolitans"), instilling an atmosphere of paralyzing fear and suspicion in society[11]. |
| C1120 | Punitive campaign and the devastation of the Nokhchi mountain communities (1617–1618) |
The occupation administration of Tersky Town employed mass terrorizing violence: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky reported that the military detachments «burned down and utterly ruined many Shibut and Kalkan and Erokhan and Michkiz kabaks»[16] and «slew many peo[ple]»[16]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
The demonstrative destruction of the town as an act of intimidation for the rest of the country. Peter I personally gave the order: "and Baturyn, as a sign to the traitors (since they resisted), burn entirely as an example to others"[11][12][13][14]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
Public executions of captured Cossacks, the display of heads on stakes, and the floating of rafts with gallows down the Dnipro for intimidation[10]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
Mass executions of captured Cossacks after the capitulation at Perevolochna and Poltava for the final intimidation of the supporters of autonomy[13]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire instilled submission through fear of the demonstrative destruction of families. Imperial general Yermolov, in his "Address" to the Chechens, declared: "The slightest disobedience… and your auls will be destroyed, your families sold off into the mountains, the amanats hanged, villages exterminated by fire, women and children slaughtered"[6][4]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
The Russian Empire destroyed a single village demonstratively, in order to terrorize the rest of the Nokhchi into abandoning their lands. Imperial historian Potto writes that general Yermolov decided to clear the Kumyk plain, "forcing the Chechens to withdraw… beyond the Kachkalyk mountain ridge," and they could be compelled to do so "only by an example of terror," and the aul of Dadi-Yurt "was chosen as the expiatory sacrifice"[4]. Yermolov himself admits this calculation in his "Notes": "only an example of terror can compel them to remove their wives," and after the destruction of the aul "the example of Dadan-Yurt spread terror everywhere"[5]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
The Russian Empire exterminated people for show in order to terrorize the highlanders. Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that at the Gerzel-aul fortification «the tsarist generals decided to stage a demonstrative execution to intimidate the highlanders», for which they summoned «318 respected men from the Aksai (Kumyk and Chechen) villages», whom General Lisanevich, «calling out those assembled one by one… threatened and subjected to insults»[6]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
On August 23, 1832, during the storming of Germenchuk, the troops of corps commander Baron Rosen burned alive about 60 encircled defenders of the village, led by Mullah Abdurakhman, who had refused to surrender. Rosen reported to Minister of War Chernyshev: a group "numbering about 60 men ... led by ... Mullah Abdur-Rakhman, was cut off and surrounded by us in one large house"[7]. The imperial historian Volkonsky, writing on the basis of Rosen’s dispatches, acknowledges the method of the massacre: "Major General Volkhovsky ordered burning firewood and hay to be thrown into the chimneys. This had its effect... while the greater part, together with Mullah Abdurakhman, perished in the flames, continuing to chant verses of the Quran"[8]. The demonstrative burning of people alive served to terrorize all of Chechnya; Volkonsky acknowledges the calculation: the destruction of Germenchuk "was bound to have the most crushing effect on the Chechens"[8]. |
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
Intimidation of the population and suppression of the liberation movement in Ukraine by radical monarchist gangs during the revolution[1]. |
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
The Regular Army of the Russian Empire instilled submission through fear of the demonstrative destruction of families. Imperial general Yermolov, in his "Address" to the Chechens, declared: "The slightest disobedience… and your auls will be destroyed, your families sold off into the mountains, the amanats hanged, villages exterminated by fire, women and children slaughtered"[6][4]. |
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
The Russian Empire destroyed a single village demonstratively, in order to terrorize the rest of the Nokhchi into abandoning their lands. Imperial historian Potto writes that general Yermolov decided to clear the Kumyk plain, "forcing the Chechens to withdraw… beyond the Kachkalyk mountain ridge," and they could be compelled to do so "only by an example of terror," and the aul of Dadi-Yurt "was chosen as the expiatory sacrifice"[4]. Yermolov himself admits this calculation in his "Notes": "only an example of terror can compel them to remove their wives," and after the destruction of the aul "the example of Dadan-Yurt spread terror everywhere"[5]. |
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
The Russian Empire exterminated people for show in order to terrorize the highlanders. Historian D. A. Khozhaev writes that at the Gerzel-aul fortification «the tsarist generals decided to stage a demonstrative execution to intimidate the highlanders», for which they summoned «318 respected men from the Aksai (Kumyk and Chechen) villages», whom General Lisanevich, «calling out those assembled one by one… threatened and subjected to insults»[6]. |
| G0009 | Russian Empire |
On August 23, 1832, during the storming of Germenchuk, the troops of corps commander Baron Rosen burned alive about 60 encircled defenders of the village, led by Mullah Abdurakhman, who had refused to surrender. Rosen reported to Minister of War Chernyshev: a group "numbering about 60 men ... led by ... Mullah Abdur-Rakhman, was cut off and surrounded by us in one large house"[7]. The imperial historian Volkonsky, writing on the basis of Rosen’s dispatches, acknowledges the method of the massacre: "Major General Volkhovsky ordered burning firewood and hay to be thrown into the chimneys. This had its effect... while the greater part, together with Mullah Abdurakhman, perished in the flames, continuing to chant verses of the Quran"[8]. The demonstrative burning of people alive served to terrorize all of Chechnya; Volkonsky acknowledges the calculation: the destruction of Germenchuk "was bound to have the most crushing effect on the Chechens"[8]. |
| G0011 | Russian Federation |
Engagement in combat operations of Russian neo-Nazi groups (such as the "Rusich" sabotage and reconnaissance group under the command of A. Milchakov), whose ringleaders openly called for unmotivated sadistic violence against civilians ("Slaughter the homeless, the puppies, and the children!")[2]. |
| C0074 | Second Armed Invasion and Resource Depletion (1919) |
Systematic, demonstrative violence and intimidation by the forces of the Cheka (the All-Ukrainian Cheka, VUChK) to create an atmosphere of total fear and to coerce the peasantry into surrendering food[17]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Public executions and torture in Lebedyn, aimed at the total intimidation of the population and the suppression of any support for the uprising[13]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Intimidation of the population and suppression of the liberation movement in Ukraine by radical monarchist gangs during the revolution[1]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Systematic, demonstrative violence and intimidation by the forces of the Cheka (the All-Ukrainian Cheka, VUChK) to create an atmosphere of total fear and to coerce the peasantry into surrendering food[17]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Systematic psychological suppression through public show trials of "saboteurs" and the introduction of the punitive law on the protection of socialist property (the "law of five ears of grain")[3]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Creation of an atmosphere of total paralyzing fear in society through the fabrication of cases (for example, the "Union for the Liberation of Ukraine") and the staging of public show trials[3]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Creation of an atmosphere of total fear through public demonstrative executions of insurgents and bloody provocations by NKVD special groups disguised as the UPA[11]. |
| S0017 | Secret Police and Security Services |
Use of political trials, interrogations, and administrative pressure by the KGB on the signatories of the "Letter of 139" to create an atmosphere of fear in cultural circles[18]. |
| G0013 | Soviet Russia (RSFSR) |
Systematic, demonstrative violence and intimidation by the forces of the Cheka (the All-Ukrainian Cheka, VUChK) to create an atmosphere of total fear and to coerce the peasantry into surrendering food[17]. |
| C0091 | Stalling Democratic Reforms and Countering the People's Movement (Rukh) (1989–1990) |
Use of crude physical force by representatives of the party nomenklatura: secretaries of CPU district committees and collective farm chairmen personally took part in brutal beatings of Rukh activists and dissidents (in particular, V. Ovsiienko and O. Hudyma) to intimidate the population[15]. |
| C1126 | Suppression of the Uprising of Murat Kuchukov and Terror against the Indigenous Population (1708) |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy used demonstrative brutal executions to psychologically break the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov records that the captured leader of the uprising was "hanged by a rib on a hook in accordance with Peter I's order to P.M. Apraksin ('carry out a cruel death penalty')"[9]. |
| C0084 | Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951) |
Creation of an atmosphere of total fear through public demonstrative executions of insurgents and bloody provocations by NKVD special groups disguised as the UPA[11]. |
| C0078 | Terror by Famine: The Holodomor (1932–1933) |
Systematic psychological suppression through public show trials of "saboteurs" and the introduction of the punitive law on the protection of socialist property (the "law of five ears of grain")[3]. |
| C0015 | The Battle of Poltava and the Final Defeat of the Hetmanate (1709) |
Mass executions of captured Cossacks after the capitulation at Perevolochna and Poltava for the final intimidation of the supporters of autonomy[13]. |
| C0088 | The First Wave of Repressions Against the "Sixtiers" (1965–1968) |
Use of political trials, interrogations, and administrative pressure by the KGB on the signatories of the "Letter of 139" to create an atmosphere of fear in cultural circles[18]. |
| C0013 | The Lebedyn Executions (1708–1709) |
Public executions and torture in Lebedyn, aimed at the total intimidation of the population and the suppression of any support for the uprising[13]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The demonstrative destruction of the town as an act of intimidation for the rest of the country. Peter I personally gave the order: "and Baturyn, as a sign to the traitors (since they resisted), burn entirely as an example to others"[11][12][13][14]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
Public executions and torture in Lebedyn, aimed at the total intimidation of the population and the suppression of any support for the uprising[13]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
Public executions of captured Cossacks, the display of heads on stakes, and the floating of rafts with gallows down the Dnipro for intimidation[10]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
Mass executions of captured Cossacks after the capitulation at Perevolochna and Poltava for the final intimidation of the supporters of autonomy[13]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The occupation administration of Tersky Town employed mass terrorizing violence: in a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, the Kabardian prince Sunchaley Yanglychevich Cherkassky reported that the military detachments «burned down and utterly ruined many Shibut and Kalkan and Erokhan and Michkiz kabaks»[16] and «slew many peo[ple]»[16]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy used demonstrative brutal executions to psychologically break the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov records that the captured leader of the uprising was "hanged by a rib on a hook in accordance with Peter I's order to P.M. Apraksin ('carry out a cruel death penalty')"[9]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Systematic psychological suppression through public show trials of "saboteurs" and the introduction of the punitive law on the protection of socialist property (the "law of five ears of grain")[3]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Creation of an atmosphere of total paralyzing fear in society through the fabrication of cases (for example, the "Union for the Liberation of Ukraine") and the staging of public show trials[3]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Creation of an atmosphere of total fear through public demonstrative executions of insurgents and bloody provocations by NKVD special groups disguised as the UPA[11]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Organization of public political persecution (attacks on M. Rylsky, V. Sosiura, and Yu. Yanovsky; the campaign to "combat cosmopolitans"), instilling an atmosphere of paralyzing fear and suspicion in society[11]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Use of political trials, interrogations, and administrative pressure by the KGB on the signatories of the "Letter of 139" to create an atmosphere of fear in cultural circles[18]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Use of crude physical force by representatives of the party nomenklatura: secretaries of CPU district committees and collective farm chairmen personally took part in brutal beatings of Rukh activists and dissidents (in particular, V. Ovsiienko and O. Hudyma) to intimidate the population[15]. |