Truce of Andrusovo (1667)
An agreement on the partition of the Hetmanate along the Dnipro between the Tsardom of Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without Ukrainian participation: "The Russian state received significant territorial acquisitions… However, Right-Bank Ukraine, Polotsk, Vitebsk, and other Belarusian cities with Russian garrisons remained with the Commonwealth"[1]. The legal entrenchment of Ukraine's split and the transformation of Zaporizhzhia into a buffer zone: "under the treaty of 1667 it was under the joint rule of Moscow and Warsaw"[2]. Hrushevsky records the reaction to the partition: "there was great resentment against the Muscovite government for agreeing to cede Right-Bank Ukraine to Poland in the armistice of 1667: it divided Ukraine with Poland and did not keep what it had promised when taking Ukraine under the tsar's hand"[3].
Actors
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy | 4 |
Instruments Applied
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| S0009 | Diplomacy | 2 |
| S0008 | Government | 2 |
Procedures Carried Out
The official partition of Ukrainian lands between two neighboring states. The treaty was signed exclusively by representatives of Moscow and Warsaw: "Concluded on January 30 (February 9) in the village of Andrusovo, near Smolensk, for 13.5 years. The Russian delegation was headed by okolnichy A. L. Ordin-Nashchokin, the Polish one by commissioner Yu. Hlebowicz"[1]. The opinion of the autonomy itself was completely ignored: "The interests of the hetmans and of Ukraine were, of course, not taken into account"[4]. A separate knot of the collusion was Kyiv: article 7 of the Andrusovo treaty (30 January 1667) stipulated that "the very city of Kyiv… is to be handed over and vacated… that is, within two years, counting from the present treaty… in the coming year 1669, on the 15th day of April"[5]; "Muscovy then did not give it back"[3] - and in 1686 it legalized what it had withheld, "paying for Kyiv once more" (see the "Eternal Peace" campaign). The "territory for money" scheme was laid down in the same document: article 34 records Tsar Aleksei's consent to grant "a worthy treasury for the satisfaction of the szlachta exiles… from the part of Ukraine ceded to His Tsarist Majesty's side"[5] - with the sum deferred to future embassies.
In the legal partition of Ukrainian lands, the opinion of the people themselves or of their leaders was demonstratively ignored. The Hetmanate was treated exclusively as an object: "The interests of the hetmans and of Ukraine were, of course, not taken into account"[4].
The legal codification of the territory's division. Moscow deliberately fragmented a once unified country, turning such important regions as Zaporizhzhia into rightless buffer zones under joint administration: "...Zaporizhzhia (which under the treaty of 1667 was under the joint rule of Moscow and Warsaw)"[2].
Having gained political power over the Left Bank, Moscow immediately attempted to seize the right to collect taxes in order to extract resources directly: "the attempts of Russian voivodes... to introduce their own taxation system in Ukraine led only to revolts (for example... the attempted census of 1666...)"[2].