"Eternal Peace" with Poland (1686)
The legal legitimation of the partition of territories between the Tsardom of Muscovy and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth behind the Hetmanate's back, definitively turning Ukraine into a rightless object of bargaining. The deal was sealed financially – under the text of the 1686 treaty Moscow undertook "for eternal peace to count out a genuine sum of money, that is, one hundred forty-six thousand Muscovite rubles, and hand it over to the Commonwealth"[1]. "Russian historians usually assess the Eternal Peace as Golitsyn's great diplomatic success, Polish ones – as their major defeat, and contemporary Ukrainian ones – as a national tragedy of Ukraine"[2].
Actors
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy | 4 |
Instruments Applied
| ID | Name | Procedures |
|---|---|---|
| S0009 | Diplomacy | 3 |
| S0008 | Government | 1 |
Procedures Carried Out
The division of spheres of influence behind the Ukrainian ally's back, accompanied by a financial deal for territory: under the 1686 treaty Moscow undertook "to count out one hundred forty-six thousand Muscovite rubles and hand them over to the Commonwealth"[1][2][3]. Ukrainian historiography recorded the deal as an ordinary purchase - Hrushevsky: Muscovy "concluded an eternal accord with Poland (paying, in addition, another 146 thousand rubles for Kyiv)"[4].
The complete exclusion of the autonomy from participation in international negotiations on the status of its own territories. In the legal partition of Ukrainian lands the opinion of the people themselves was ignored – contemporary Ukrainian historiography assesses the Eternal Peace "as a national tragedy of Ukraine"[2].
The diplomatic entrenchment of spiritual expansion: Moscow secured the inclusion in the treaty of an article on the position of the Orthodox in the Commonwealth – the 1686 treaty ordered the Polish side "to inflict no oppression and no coercion toward the Roman faith or the Union"[1] – and arrogated to itself the role of protector of Orthodoxy on Polish lands, relying on the Kyiv metropolitanate already subordinated to Moscow. The treaty also secured an ecclesiastical lever: the Orthodox eparchies in the Commonwealth "according to their spiritual rank and custom, are to receive blessing and ordination from the Metropolitan of Kyiv; and this shall harm none of them in the favor of His Royal Majesty"[5] - while the Kyiv metropolitanate was already subordinated to Moscow.