Russian Federation

Mass unlawful detentions and abductions of civilians: "people who take to the streets with Ukrainian flags are persecuted and detained"^[1].

Large-scale exploitation of the tragedy at the Trade Unions House in Odesa (where pro-Russian activists died in the course of provoked street fighting) to create a state propaganda myth, invert the roles, and morally justify further aggression against Ukraine^[1].

Official legal ratification by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on March 18, 2014, of the forcible incorporation of the Crimean Peninsula into Russia^[3].

Imposition of corrupt gas supply schemes through an intermediary company (RosUkrEnergo), controlled by S. Mogilevich, a crime boss linked to the Russian security services, in order to buy up the loyalty of the Ukrainian elite^[1].

V. Putin's attempt at the Bucharest summit to strike a backroom deal with the leaders of the United States and European countries, bypassing Kyiv, in order to block Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic integration under a direct threat of its territorial dismemberment^[1].

Use of economic blackmail and promises of a 15 billion dollar loan, coupled with a gas discount, to coerce V. Yanukovych into derailing the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU^[1].

Total indoctrination of Russian society with the ideas of the philosopher I. Ilyin (so-called "white fascism") and the transformation of the "Russian World" concept into a state ideology (rashism) that justifies the metropole's cultural superiority and existential right to violence against its neighbors^[4].

Covert transfer from Russia of hundreds of "tourists" (veterans, athletes, bikers) who posed as aggressively minded local residents and demanded Crimea's annexation to the Russian Federation at rallies^[1].

Use of the Fancy Bear hacker group, controlled by the security services, to compromise the software of Ukrainian artillery crews (through infection of Yaroslav Sherstiuk's application) in order to obtain geolocation data and destroy the artillery of the Armed Forces of Ukraine^[5]. Targeted cyberattacks by Russian security services on distribution substations of the Ukrainian power grid in the winters of 2015 and 2016, aimed at causing mass power outages for the civilian population^[6][7].

Large-scale operations by the security services of the Russian Federation involving cyberespionage, data interception (including through the hacking of public Wi-Fi networks), and the covert deployment of destructive software against Ukrainian organizations and citizens^[8][9].
Massed cyberattacks on Ukraine's information and communication infrastructure using data-wiping malware directly during the invasion^[10].

Use of a landing party of Russian political technologists to wage an aggressive information campaign in which political opponents were demonized and groundlessly accused of fascism^[1].

Publication of an article by D. Medvedev (October 2021) in which the Ukrainian leadership is marginalized, called non-independent "vassals" of the West, and directly compared to Nazis, which served as an ideological signal that any peace negotiations were pointless^[1].

Official denial of the Ukrainian nation's right to state independence: articles and speeches by the top leadership of the Russian Federation directly declare that true sovereignty for Ukraine is allegedly possible exclusively in partnership with Russia^[1].

Targeted cyberattacks by Russian security services on distribution substations of the Ukrainian power grid in the winters of 2015 and 2016, aimed at causing mass power outages for the civilian population^[6][7].

Systematic cyberattacks on energy companies and municipal district heating enterprises amid the full-scale war, aimed at cutting off electricity and heat supplies to Ukrainian civilian consumers^[11][12].
Systematic massed strikes with cruise missiles and kamikaze drones (Shahed) against generation facilities (the Zmiiv CHP plant, Kharkiv CHP-5, the Trypillia thermal power plant, the Dnipro Hydroelectric Station) and transformer substations to cause blackouts^[13].

Deliberate injection of false historical narratives on the international stage: V. Putin's statement to G. W. Bush that Ukraine is "not even a state" and that its territories were allegedly given away as gifts^[1].

Official denial by the leadership of the Russian Federation of the participation of Russian regular troops in the seizure of the peninsula, in order to conceal the fact of aggression under the guise of actions by "local self-defense"^[1].

A massive campaign of fabricating fakes to dehumanize Ukrainians (the myth of the "crucified boy" in Sloviansk, the invented death of a 10-year-old girl in Donetsk), as well as systematic editing of Wikipedia by Russian trolls to distort the facts about the war^[5]. A targeted information operation to conceal the Russian Federation's responsibility for the destruction of passenger flight MH17 by simultaneously injecting numerous contradictory and absurd versions (the "Spanish air traffic controller Carlos," an attack by a Ukrainian ground-attack aircraft) to disorient the international community^[5].

Total information control and a legislative ban inside the Russian Federation on calling the invasion a "war" (use of the euphemism "special military operation") in order to conceal crimes and create an alternative reality^[4]. Information cover for energy terror: false claims by the authorities of the Russian Federation that the strikes on the power grid were a "response" to the attack on the Crimean Bridge, despite evidence that the missile strikes had been prepared in advance^[14].

Direct energy blackmail and the cutting off of gas supplies (January 1, 2006 and January 1, 2009) in the middle of winter to exert pressure on the pro-Western Ukrainian government and blackmail European consumers^[1].

Deliberate restoration of old Soviet or imperial names to captured cities and streets (in particular, the renaming of Bakhmut to Artemovsk) in order to erase Ukrainian national memory and visually integrate them into the space of the Russian Federation.

Large-scale plundering of economic resources: the removal of expensive industrial equipment (including steel from the Azovstal plant), illegal extraction of mineral resources, and the theft of more than 15 million tons of Ukrainian grain^[10].

Deliberate mass killings of people without regard to their ethnic origin, solely on the basis of their Ukrainian citizenship and affiliation with the Ukrainian state^[4].

Creation in the occupied territories of a large-scale network of filtration camps for interrogations, the identification of pro-Ukrainian citizens, their isolation, and terror^[4][14].

Coercion of residents of the occupied territories (Mariupol, Kherson, and others) into obtaining Russian passports. Refusal of the aggressor's passport entails the threat of being deprived of housing, medical care, and basic social services.

Organization of the mass deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia and Belarus for their subsequent cultural assimilation. For these crimes, the International Criminal Court officially issued an arrest warrant for V. Putin. Cultural figures of the Russian Federation have taken and continue to take part in the program of cultural assimilation of Ukrainian children^[15]. The program of taking children away in many ways resembles the historical precedent of child abduction by Nazi Germany, above all in the territory of occupied Poland^[16].

Deliberate, brutal extermination of civilians in the occupied territories (in particular, more than a thousand local residents were killed in Bucha and its environs)^[1].

Use of regular troops without insignia ("little green men") to establish military control over the territory and blockade Ukrainian garrisons^[1].

Open crossing of the state border by regular troops of the Russian Federation in the summer and fall of 2014 and in early 2015 to save the separatists from defeat, which led to massive losses of the Ukrainian army (Ilovaisk, Debaltseve)^[1][10].

Invasion by the regular army of the Russian Federation and massive missile and air strikes on Kyiv, Dnipro, Kharkiv, and other Ukrainian cities in the early morning of February 24, 2022^[1].

Attempted physical elimination of democratic opposition leader V. Yushchenko at the height of the election campaign by dioxin poisoning, which resulted in severe disfigurement of the candidate's face^[1].

Physical elimination of legitimate representatives of local government who put up open political resistance to the occupation (in particular, the brutal murder of Horlivka city council deputy V. Rybak for attempting to restore the Ukrainian flag)^[1].

Open nuclear blackmail by the leadership of the Russian Federation and the armed seizure by its troops of the Chornobyl and Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plants to create a global threat of radiation catastrophe^{[4] [10]}.

Seizure of Sloviansk by the armed group of I. Strelkov and the formation of the separatist DPR/LPR under the supervision of Russian political technologists (A. Borodai) to destabilize the region from within^[1].

Use of armed gangs to seize Mariupol in the spring of 2014. The attempt to establish control over the city failed: on June 13 it was retaken and fully liberated by Ukrainian troops^[10].

Forcible herding of deputies of the Supreme Council of Crimea into the seized building for a coerced vote and the appointment of S. Aksyonov, a prime minister loyal to the Kremlin^[1].

Publication by V. Putin of the manifesto "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" (July 2021), which constructs a pseudo-historical myth that modern Ukraine was allegedly "created by Lenin," while historical Russia was artificially dismembered by the Bolsheviks^[1].

Holding a sham referendum on March 16, 2014, under conditions of military occupation ("at gunpoint") to legitimize the severance of the territory^[3].

The holding in the fall of 2022 of fictitious 'referendums' conducted under armed force in the occupied territories of the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, and Luhansk oblasts to create a pseudo-legal pretext for their annexation^[10].

Instigation of armed clashes in Odesa on May 2, 2014, by pro-Russian activists (the "Anti-Maidan") with the aim of destabilizing the South of Ukraine, which escalated into street fighting and led to mass casualties in the Trade Unions House^[1][10].

An attempted armed seizure of power in the spring of 2014 through the storming of regional administrations in Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Luhansk by externally instigated separatists. In Kharkiv, the coup was quickly suppressed by Ukrainian law enforcement^[1].

Instigation of a threat of splitting the country in response to the protests: the presence of official figures of the Russian Federation (in particular, Moscow Mayor Yu. Luzhkov) at the congress in Sievierodonetsk, where calls were made for the creation of a "South-Eastern Republic"^[1].

Engagement in combat operations of Russian neo-Nazi groups (such as the "Rusich" sabotage and reconnaissance group under the command of A. Milchakov), whose ringleaders openly called for unmotivated sadistic violence against civilians ("Slaughter the homeless, the puppies, and the children!")^[4].

Systematic plundering of historical and cultural heritage, archaeological theft, and the mass removal of the collections of Ukrainian museums from the occupied territories to the Russian Federation^[10].

Systematic use of torture and physical violence against civilians in the occupied territories for any display of Ukrainian symbols or a pro-Ukrainian position^[1].

The practice of "urbicide" — the deliberate erasure of entire Ukrainian cities from the face of the earth (for example, Mariupol), the destruction of infrastructure, and the entombment of the dead in concrete in the foundations of the ruins^[4]. The deliberate mining and demolition of the Kakhovka HPP dam on June 6, 2023, which qualifies as a war crime and ecocide. The destruction of the dam led to the flooding of about 80 settlements; 16,000 people found themselves in the disaster zone, which physically forced the population to leave the territory^[13].