Implantation of Officials and Military Personnel

Aggressors may carry out the mass relocation of their administrative and military apparatus to colonized territories. Stationing regular military garrisons and appointing loyal officials from the metropole allows the colonizer to establish strict physical and bureaucratic oversight, preemptively suppress nascent resistance on the ground, and integrate the region into its own state system, displacing local institutions of self-governance.

ID: T0041
Sub-techniques:  No sub-techniques
Tactic: Persistence
Peoples: Nokhchi (Chechens), Ukrainians
Contributors: decolonial.ist project
Version: 1.1
Created: 21 April 2026
Last Modified: 9 August 2026

Procedures Carried Out


January 1588
C1110 Founding and Fortification of the Terek Town (1588–1623)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0010 Regular Army

A permanent military contingent maintained at state expense was stationed in the territory: historian I. Kh. Tkhamokova quotes a tsar's decree according to which «in 1623, «upon the petition of the Terek and Greben Cossacks», a tsar's decree was sent to the Terek ordering the payment of salaries to 30 atamans and 470 rank-and-file Cossacks»[1]. New personnel were also sent in to hold the positions: historian I. Kh. Tkhamokova notes that «in 1589, soon after the town was built, 800 streltsy and Cossacks were to be sent there from Astrakhan, but the Astrakhan voivode sent only 600 men»[1].

October 1659
C0004 Pereiaslav Articles (1659)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0010 Regular Army

After forcing the signing of the treaty, Moscow moved to the direct occupation of the autonomy's living space. The articles codified the expansion of the military presence: "besides Kyiv, tsarist voivodes were introduced into Pereiaslav, Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Bratslav, and Uman"[2] – garrisons headed by voivodes ensured physical control over the territory from within.

September 1665
C0024 The Moscow Articles of Ivan Briukhovetsky (1665)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0010 Regular Army

Expansion of the military occupation of the autonomy: in addition to reinforcing the garrisons of Kyiv, Chernihiv, Pereiaslav, and Nizhyn, "Russian military garrisons headed by voivodes were introduced into Poltava, Kremenchuk, Novhorod-Siverskyi, Oster, Kaniv, and other cities, as well as into Kodak in the Liberties of the Zaporozhian Host"[3] – the upkeep of the troops was placed on Ukrainian taxpayers.

January 1687
C0007 Kolomak Articles (1687)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0010 Regular Army

To ensure constant armed oversight of the autonomy's top leadership and to prevent uprisings, the Tsardom of Muscovy stationed its regular troops directly in the hetman's capital: "with the hetman in Baturyn, for his protection and safety, there shall be a Muscovite streltsy regiment..."[4].

January 1700
C0011 Integration Reforms of Peter I and the Great Northern War (1700–1708)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0010 Regular Army

The strangulation of the autonomy's economy through the system of billeting the regular army: "And when the kompaniytsi and serdiuks stand in winter quarters... 24 commoners feed a single kompaniyets without any excuses"[4][5].

July 1709
C0016 The Reshetylivka Articles (1709)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0012 Occupation and Controlled Administrations

Preservation of tsarist representatives' oversight of the hetmanate's administrative apparatus: the articles "fully preserved the previously established control of the tsarist regime over local financing and the functioning of the administrative apparatus"[6]. The institution of the tsar's resident was established alongside the hetman: "The first tsar's resident was stolnik A. Izmailov, who in his work was guided by official and secret tsarist articles"; the residents "were given the right to control the election and official appointments of representatives of the starshyna"[6].

January 1711
C0027 Pylyp Orlyk's Campaign in Right-Bank Ukraine (1711)
G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy
S0010 Regular Army

The empire's forcible retention of the Right Bank: the Bila Tserkva fortress with its Muscovite garrison held out, and the campaign collapsed after the Tatars' betrayal – "Orlyk retreated without taking Bila Tserkva"[7], and his army disintegrated.

September 1722
C1130 Construction of the Holy Cross Fortress and Forced Resettlement (1722–1724)
G0009 Russian Empire
S0025 Militarized Settlers

Militarized Settlers of the Russian Empire were used for the mass settlement of new frontiers: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov points out that at the new fortress "1 thousand families of Cossacks from the Don are being settled"[8].

January 1736
C1134 Construction of Fortified Stanitsas, Settlement of Cossacks on the Borders, and Holding of Hostages (1736–1740)
G0009 Russian Empire
S0025 Militarized Settlers

The Government of the Russian Empire physically enlarged the buffer zone around the territories of the Nokhchi through the mass relocation of militarized settlers: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that «1736 - from the Greben stanitsas down the Terek to Kizlyar, three new Cossack stanitsas are established: Borozdinskaya, Kargalinskaya, Dubovskaya, and from Kizlyar to the sea another 430 Cossack families are settled»[8].

June 1840
C1165 "Constriction of Chechnya from all sides": blockade, secret war, punitive expeditions and the Sunzha Line (1840-1846)
G0009 Russian Empire
S0010 Regular Army

In Chechen villages the empire quartered its troops. The "Journal of military events on the left flank of the Caucasus Line" for 23 May - 6 June 1846 records: after most inhabitants of the aul of Akbulat-Yurt on the Terek had fled, ""for the protection of the remaining inhabitants of Akbulat-Yurt and in order to use the direct communication with the Kumyk plain through this aul, maj.-gen. Kozlovsky stationed there one company of infantry with one gun and set up there a post of 25 mounted Kumyks"" (the Kumyks - a neighbouring Turkic people from whom the empire recruited mounted guards)[9]. A garrison in the aul is surveillance from within: the village's life went on under the daily watch of a company with a gun.

October 1905
C1175 Collective punishment in the abrek era: fines, quartering of troops and exile for Zelimkhan (1905-1913)
G0009 Russian Empire
S0012 Occupation and Controlled Administrations

In 1911 the Russian Empire appointed "government elders" in the zone of Zelimkhan's operations and put troops on the residents' own upkeep: "Military teams were sent to be quartered in the villages of Kharachoy, Dyshne-Vedeno, Mekhkety, Zavirkhi, Khattuni, Eshelkhotoy, Elistandzhi, Tauzen, Isti-Su, Mayrtup, Khoy, Ikharoy, Rigakhoy, Makazhoy, Avtury and the Varanda hamlets"[10]. Historians Ya. Z. Akhmadov and E. Kh. Khasmagomadov write of this practice: "the sending of military units into Chechen villages was widely practiced, and their upkeep lay as a heavy burden on the local residents"[10].

References