Aggressors may organize sham electoral procedures (referendums, elections) under conditions of occupation, absence of freedom of speech, and military pressure. The imitation of democratic processes allows the colonizer to formally legalize the regime or the annexation process, ensuring the legal and political consolidation of control over the territory in the eyes of its own society and the world community.
| ID | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| C0081 | Annexation and Sovietization of Western Ukraine (1939–1941) |
Organization of fake, no-alternative "People's Assemblies" under the control of occupation troops to give the seizure a legal form[1]. |
| C0100 | Beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War: Armed Invasion and Occupation of Crimea (2014) |
Holding a sham referendum on March 16, 2014, under conditions of military occupation ("at gunpoint") to legitimize the severance of the territory[1]. |
| C0103 | Full-Scale Invasion (from February 24, 2022) |
The holding in the fall of 2022 of fictitious 'referendums' conducted under armed force in the occupied territories of the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, and Luhansk oblasts to create a pseudo-legal pretext for their annexation[2]. |
| S0008 | Government |
Holding of the All-Union referendum with an artificially convoluted question on the preservation of a renewed USSR in order to legitimize imperial control and coerce the republics into signing a new union treaty[3]. |
| C0093 | Manipulative Referendum on the Preservation of the USSR (March 1991) |
Holding of the All-Union referendum with an artificially convoluted question on the preservation of a renewed USSR in order to legitimize imperial control and coerce the republics into signing a new union treaty[3]. |
| C0012 | Mazepa's Defection to Sweden and the Baturyn Massacre (1708) |
Formalization of the occupation regime through sham democratic procedures. The starshyna, terrorized by the massacre, was forced to vote for the candidate favored by the metropole: "Under the circumstances that had arisen, the starshyna simply confirmed Skoropadsky, whom Peter had put forward"[4][5][6]. |
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
Organization of fake, no-alternative "People's Assemblies" under the control of occupation troops to give the seizure a legal form[1]. |
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
Holding a sham referendum on March 16, 2014, under conditions of military occupation ("at gunpoint") to legitimize the severance of the territory[1]. |
| S0012 | Occupation and Controlled Administrations |
The holding in the fall of 2022 of fictitious 'referendums' conducted under armed force in the occupied territories of the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, and Luhansk oblasts to create a pseudo-legal pretext for their annexation[2]. |
| S0010 | Regular Army |
Formalization of the occupation regime through sham democratic procedures. The starshyna, terrorized by the massacre, was forced to vote for the candidate favored by the metropole: "Under the circumstances that had arisen, the starshyna simply confirmed Skoropadsky, whom Peter had put forward"[4][5][6]. |
| G0011 | Russian Federation |
Holding a sham referendum on March 16, 2014, under conditions of military occupation ("at gunpoint") to legitimize the severance of the territory[1]. |
| G0011 | Russian Federation |
The holding in the fall of 2022 of fictitious 'referendums' conducted under armed force in the occupied territories of the Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, and Luhansk oblasts to create a pseudo-legal pretext for their annexation[2]. |
| G0008 | Tsardom of Muscovy |
Formalization of the occupation regime through sham democratic procedures. The starshyna, terrorized by the massacre, was forced to vote for the candidate favored by the metropole: "Under the circumstances that had arisen, the starshyna simply confirmed Skoropadsky, whom Peter had put forward"[4][5][6]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Organization of fake, no-alternative "People's Assemblies" under the control of occupation troops to give the seizure a legal form[1]. |
| G0010 | USSR |
Holding of the All-Union referendum with an artificially convoluted question on the preservation of a renewed USSR in order to legitimize imperial control and coerce the republics into signing a new union treaty[3]. |