Government

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The legal codification of the country's split into two parts, with the Right Bank turned into a buffer zone: "Under the terms of the Eternal Peace, the Right Bank remained with Poland... it was agreed and resolved that those places are to remain deserted, as they now are"^[1][13].

Total removal of industrial equipment, food supplies, and agricultural machinery deep into the USSR during the retreat^[3].

Abolition of traditional local self-government: "The abolition of Magdeburg rights in the cities"^[5].

Liquidation of Cossack administrative units and imposition of the imperial division: "By the Manifesto of 1765, Catherine II abolished the Cossack order... and created the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate"^[41].

The final liquidation of the Hetmanate's autonomy, including the abolition of the Cossack regimental system and the partition of the Left Bank into three ordinary imperial viceroyalties (Kyiv, Chernihiv, and Novhorod-Siverskyi)^[9].

Official recording of Ukrainians exclusively as "Little Russians" (a subgroup of the Great Russian tribe) during the first general census, aimed at the bureaucratic destruction of the notion of a separate people^[45].

Official forcible annexation of the occupied lands of Western Ukraine (1939), and then of Northern Bukovyna and Bessarabia (1940), with their integration into the administrative structure of the Ukrainian SSR^[3].

The Government of the Russian Empire organized an armed raid to physically punish the insurgent Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov points out that General Douglas «halted the movement of the main forces and sent toward Chechen-Aul a detachment of dragoons under Colonel Koch, totaling 300 soldiers and 200 Cossacks»^[6].

An attempt at the bureaucratic resubordination of territories — declaring the Donbas an autonomous part directly linked to Russia, bypassing any Ukrainian authorities^[26].

Armed seizure of power by the State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP) to derail the signing of the treaty on the Union of Sovereign States and preserve centralized control over the republics^[27].

The shifting of the financial and logistical burden of imperial wars onto the shoulders of the autonomy: "Provisions for the volunteer troops were supplied by the commoners, who also stockpiled hay for the winter for the army artillery"^[1][13][30].

A ban on attending cultural events: «The trustee of the Kyiv educational district issued an instruction forbidding pupils and students from attending Ukrainian theater performances»^[5].

A ban on the use of the language during public cultural events: "At the unveiling of the monument to Ivan Kotliarevsky in Poltava, speeches in the Ukrainian language were not permitted"^[5]. A ban on speaking Ukrainian at a scholarly congress: "In Kyiv, at the archaeological congress, papers were allowed to be read in all languages except Ukrainian"^[5].

Introduction of strict censorship of book printing: the "Decree of Peter I banning the printing of books in the Ukrainian language at the Kyiv-Pechersk and Chernihiv printing houses"^[5].

The occupation administration obliged the subordinated Nokhchi societies to take part in military campaigns: historian E. N. Kusheva points to documents «on the possibility of the participation of Murza Shikh... in a campaign of Russian men-at-arms»^[18].

Official legal ratification by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on March 18, 2014, of the forcible incorporation of the Crimean Peninsula into Russia^[3].

The Russian Empire funneled the Nokhchi's supply of grain and salt through trading points under its control, making vitally important goods dependent on its administration. The sale of grain and salt to the Chechens was permitted only through barter yards under quarantine, established «for the peaceful Chechens in Naur… for the mountain Chechens in Lashchurin», with a duty paid to the treasury and disputes adjudicated through an imperial pristav (overseer)^[2][23].

The obligation of the Cossacks to supply themselves with their own provisions and tools for the entire duration of the works at their own expense^[1].

Legislative conversion of educational institutions: «The resolution of the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the transition of Ukrainian schools to Russian as the language of instruction»^[5].

Erasure of the historical boundaries of the seized territories and their unification through the imposition of an imperial system of control over the Left Bank by establishing the Little Russian Governorate-General^[43].

Creation of a specialized agency in Moscow to govern the autonomy instead of the diplomatic Ambassadorial Prikaz. This action transferred the Hetmanate from the status of a foreign state to the rank of an internal colony^[33].

Mass confiscation and destruction of literature declared "nationalist," and rigid control over the printed word and the arts^[4].

Official ban by Alexander III: "On the prohibition of the use of the Ukrainian language in official institutions"^[5].

Direct prohibition and closure of legal educational societies: "The closure of ‘Prosvita’ in Odesa and Mykolaiv"^[5].

The government of the Russian Empire dispatched specialists to collect data on the lands and population of the Nokhchi: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov points out that in 1728 the officer I. G. Gerber "on the government's assignment... compiled a description of the localities and population... as well as a map of this area"^[23].

Continued administrative pressure on schools: the directive «On improving the study of the Russian language in Ukrainian schools»^[5].

Forcible seizure of land, livestock, and agricultural implements from peasants as part of forced collectivization under slogans of socialist modernization^[4].

Systematic imposition of the logic of the metropole's superiority: the publicist Mikhail Katkov formulates the ideologeme that subjugated peoples "will have to submit to the state nation," that is, the Russian people^[8].

Organization of the mass deportation and forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia and Belarus for their subsequent cultural assimilation. For these crimes, the International Criminal Court officially issued an arrest warrant for V. Putin. Cultural figures of the Russian Federation have taken and continue to take part in the program of cultural assimilation of Ukrainian children^[19]. The program of taking children away in many ways resembles the historical precedent of child abduction by Nazi Germany, above all in the territory of occupied Poland^[20].

The government of the Russian Empire justified expansion with ideas of enlightening undeveloped societies: historian Michael Khodarkovsky states the ambition of the metropole's officials "to bring both Christianity and civilization to the 'wild and uncivilized' peoples along its borders"^[21].

Large-scale extraction of coal, metals, and other resources from the southern and eastern Ukrainian regions for the industrialization and enrichment of the imperial center^[11].

Deliberate concealment by the union leadership in Moscow of the scale of the Chornobyl NPP disaster from its own population and international organizations, depriving Ukrainians of information about the level of the radiation threat^[22].

Coercion of legal Ukrainian parties into self-dissolution (in particular, the Borotbists in the spring of 1920) and their absorption by the CP(b)U through political blackmail and the bribery of their leaders with official posts^[4].

The liquidation of the autonomy through the administrative reform of 1707: the transfer of Ukrainian affairs to the Razriadnyi Prikaz with the aim "to convert the Cossacks into a regular army... to break the rights and liberties of the Host"^[1][13][24].

Use of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR (December 1922) to formally declare a union of equal republics, masking the final centralization of power in Moscow^[26].

Abolition of the regiment-and-company administrative structure in favor of the imperial partition of lands: "as early as 1699 the Polish Sejm adopted a decision to liquidate the Cossack order on the Right Bank"^[35].

Institutional seizure and liquidation of an independent spiritual structure on the Right Bank: «In 1839, the tsarist authorities liquidated the Greek Catholic Church»^[3].

The final destruction of the office of the autonomy's leader. "On November 10, 1764, Catherine II abolished the hetman's rule"^[9].

Issuance of an official manifesto banning the use of the very name of the Sich in any documents^[1]. Physical desecration of sacred sites: "the tombs of the Sich otamans were plundered"^[12].

Holding of the All-Union referendum with an artificially convoluted question on the preservation of a renewed USSR in order to legitimize imperial control and coerce the republics into signing a new union treaty^[25].

A campaign to erase the name of the resistance leader (Damnatio memoriae): "For two centuries, Mazepa's name and deeds were expunged... His coats of arms were chiseled off the churches he had built, and his name was blotted out in books"^[13][1][14].

Colonization of the Ukrainian steppes adjacent to Crimea by fugitives from other governorates and settlers from the Balkans in order to create a loyal rear around the annexed peninsula^[3].

Issuance of Catherine II's August manifesto, officially banning the very name of the Zaporozhian Sich and erasing its memory^[8].

Implanting colonial symbols in public space: the erection of the monument to Bohdan Khmelnytsky in Kyiv in 1888. The monument was constructed by the empire as a symbol of the unity and submission of Little Russia under the tsar's rule^[8].

Forced closure of all national councils, pedagogical institutes, theaters, and cultural institutions of ethnic minorities in the Ukrainian SSR^[16].

The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy organized attacks on the territories of the Nokhchi for the mass capture of prisoners: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that in 1718 there took place a "predatory expedition of detachments of Don Cossacks and Kabardian princes allied with Peter I into the 'Chechen uezd' along the Sunzha and the Argun"^[6], as a result of which "800 prisoners were captured, not counting 'belongings'"^[6].

The apparatus of the Russian Empire constructed an image of the Indigenous population as savages: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov points out that pre-revolutionary historiography described the highlanders' struggle as «the actions of barbarians devoid of 'civilized' notions of independence and freedom»^[23], while the imperial historian and participant in the events V. A. Potto cites the words of General A. P. Yermolov, who declared that «the cruelty of the local mores cannot be tamed by mercy»^[46]. In his «Notes», General Yermolov characterized the Nokhchi as a born breed of brigands: «the Chechens, the most vicious of the brigands, attacking the line», their land a refuge where «the villains of all other peoples, abandoning their own land on account of some crimes, were received amicably», while Chechnya itself «may justly be called the nest of all brigands», «were less filled than others with brigands who had previously taken part in all the raids of the Chechens on the line. In them predators gathered and took cover…»^[47].

The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy used religious identity and the concept of protecting co-religionists as ideological cover for military expansion: historian Michael Khodarkovsky states that the diplomatic apparatus positioned the tsar as a "universal Christian ruler who 'upheld the true Christian faith'"^[21], while invasions were motivated by a "divine obligation to rescue Orthodox Christians from infidel captivity"^[21]; as a result, as historian Michael Khodarkovsky summarizes, in the advance into new territories "Moscow's military and political interests could no longer be separated from the ideological and theological rhetoric of expansion"^[21], because of which the North Caucasus "became a religious frontier"^[10].

Destruction of the basic level of schooling in the native language: "A complete ban on primary education in the Ukrainian language"^[5].

Ideological justification of the aggressive Russo-Turkish War through religion and Pan-Slavism. Russia's historical mission to "protect the Slavs from the Turks" and to conquer Slavic lands "for their own good" is postulated^[8].

Destruction of civic and educational structures in areas of compact diaspora settlement: «The liquidation of the 'Prosvita' societies in the Kuban and in Zelenyi Klyn»^[5].

Mass expulsion of millions of Ukrainian peasants from their native lands to Siberia and the Far East during the implementation of the Stolypin agrarian reform^[7].

The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy consolidated militarized settlements on the border with the lands of the Nokhchi to strengthen control: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that in 1711–1712 "the small Greben Cossack towns along the Terek were merged, by order of Tsar Peter I, into 5 stanitsas - from Chervlyonnaya to Kurdyukovskaya"^[6].

The government of the Tsardom of Muscovy captured and physically eliminated a resistance leader: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that the tsar "personally decided the fate of the insurgent leaders"^[6], as a result of which the leader Murat Kuchukov, "taken prisoner while wounded, was hanged"^[6].

The government of the Russian Empire purposefully organized military actions to punish the defiant Indigenous population: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov points out that on August 4, 1722, by decree of Peter I, "a punitive expedition was carried out for a second time against the rebellious Chechens and Andreevtsy"^[23].

Confiscation of absolutely all food, including the extraction of seed stocks, through the mechanism of crushing grain procurement quotas, which led to mass deadly famine^[4].

Liquidation of the statehood and international legal personality of the autonomy as a result of the defeat of the Swedish-Ukrainian forces: "From 1709 Ukraine loses its independence, its legal and international-law attributes, and therefore ceases to exist as a state"^[12].

Introduction of the collegium as a parallel organ of power to intercept judicial and fiscal functions from the hetman's administration^[3].

Rejection of the treaty format: "The Decisive Points were issued in the form of a decree of the tsarist government to the hetman... indicated the transformation of the Hetmanate into an ordinary province of the Russian Empire"^[38].

Decree of Alexander II: "A ban on importing Ukrainian books from abroad, a ban on printing Ukrainian texts under musical scores, a ban on Ukrainian theatrical performances"^[5].

Targeted demographic assimilation: "a secret decree of Empress Anna Ioannovna to the ruler of Ukraine, Prince Aleksei Shakhovskoy," which prescribed "to induce them and skillfully encourage their marriages with Great Russians"^[5].

Internal redrawing of administrative borders within the USSR: the formal transfer of Crimea from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in order to "relieve the RSFSR of the economic burden of rebuilding the peninsula" after World War II and the deportation of the Indigenous population^[8][3].

Direct seizure of the autonomy's economic resources: the right to collect direct taxes from the local Ukrainian population was handed over directly to tsarist representatives^[34].

Refusal to sign a treaty: replacement of an agreement between equals with unilateral "resolutions" (decrees) of the tsar^[15][1].

Elimination of education in the native language: "Ukrainian Sunday schools were closed"^[5].

The legal codification of the territory's division. Moscow deliberately fragmented a once unified country, turning such important regions as Zaporizhzhia into rightless buffer zones under joint administration: "...Zaporizhzhia (which under the treaty of 1667 was under the joint rule of Moscow and Warsaw)"^[1].