Collusion with a Third Party

Aggressors may conclude secret or open diplomatic agreements with other geopolitical players on the division of spheres of influence, completely ignoring the sovereignty and interests of the Indigenous people. This technique is used for diplomatic preparation for seizure and the subsequent seizure of governance. Deals made behind the back of the colonized society allow the aggressor to deprive it of potential international allies, legitimize the occupation at the foreign-policy level, and dismember the territories of the local population unimpeded.

ID: T0039
Sub-techniques:  No sub-techniques
Peoples: Nokhchi (Chechens), Ukrainians
Version: 1.0
Created: 21 April 2026
Last Modified: 21 April 2026

Procedure Examples

ID Name Description
C0009 "Eternal Peace" with Poland (1686)

The division of spheres of influence behind the back of the Ukrainian ally, accompanied by a financial transaction for territory: Moscow officially paid an enormous sum in silver for the cession of Kyiv[1][2][3].

C0081 Annexation and Sovietization of Western Ukraine (1939–1941)

The secret protocols to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany on the division of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and the legalization of invasion[1].

S0009 Diplomacy

As soon as political interests changed, Moscow did not hesitate to conclude a separate peace with its recent enemy — Poland — cynically negotiating the division of spheres of influence behind the back of its Ukrainian ally: "In October 1656, negotiations between Russia and Poland begin in present-day Vilnius"[1].

S0009 Diplomacy

The logical culmination of the absorption process was the official partition of Ukrainian lands between the two neighboring states. The treaty was signed exclusively by representatives of Moscow and Warsaw: "On the Muscovite side the negotiations were conducted by... A. L. Ordin-Nashchokin... on the Polish side, by Commissar Jerzy Hlebowicz" [4]. The opinion of the autonomy itself was completely ignored: "The interests of the hetmans and of Ukraine were, of course, not taken into account" [2]. "For the Cossacks this is yet another blow — the decision about their fate is made behind their backs"[1].

S0009 Diplomacy

The division of spheres of influence behind the back of the Ukrainian ally, accompanied by a financial transaction for territory: Moscow officially paid an enormous sum in silver for the cession of Kyiv[1][2][3].

S0009 Diplomacy

The destruction of the Cossack regiments by the Polish Sejm was a direct, time-delayed consequence of the "Eternal Peace" (1686), under which Moscow officially ceded the Right Bank to Warsaw, handing the indigenous population over for suppression[5].

S0009 Diplomacy

Use of Orlyk's Tatar allies to break up the anti-Moscow coalition from within. On the Right Bank, the Tatars betrayed the Cossacks and turned to seizing the civilian population: "The betrayal of the Tatars... they dispersed across Ukraine, taking yasyr and destroying settlements"[6].

S0009 Diplomacy

Signing of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. Diplomatic severing of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire through recognition of its formal "independence" in preparation for the subsequent annexation[1].

S0009 Diplomacy

Diplomatic collusion with Prussia and Austria, leading to the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the liquidation of Polish statehood[7].

S0009 Diplomacy

The signing of the Treaty of Riga in March 1921: a backroom division of spheres of influence and Ukrainian territories with Poland behind the back of the Ukrainian people, legalized through the formal participation of the puppet Ukrainian SSR[8].

S0009 Diplomacy

The secret protocols to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany on the division of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and the legalization of invasion[1].

S0009 Diplomacy

Coordination of actions with the pro-Soviet government of Poland to destroy the Ukrainian underground (Operation "Vistula" in 1947)[9].

S0009 Diplomacy

V. Putin's attempt at the Bucharest summit to strike a backroom deal with the leaders of the United States and European countries, bypassing Kyiv, in order to block Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic integration under a direct threat of its territorial dismemberment[1].

S0009 Diplomacy

The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy concluded an alliance agreement with Kalmyk forces for joint actions against the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that on September 30, 1708, "at the negotiations between Peter's military commander P.M. Apraksin and the Kalmyk khan Ayuka, an agreement of eight articles was concluded, including 'on the pursuit of the Chechens and Nogais'"[10].

S0009 Diplomacy

The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy used loyal elites of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that in 1718 an expedition into the lands of the Nokhchi was carried out by the forces of "Kabardian princes allied with Peter I"[10].

S0009 Diplomacy

The diplomatic apparatus of the Russian Empire enlisted loyal forces of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that the 1722 military expedition included "an armed detachment of Kalmyks, sent by Ayuka Khan at the tsar's request, numbering 3,730 men"[11].

C0098 Diplomatic Attack Against NATO Enlargement (2008)

V. Putin's attempt at the Bucharest summit to strike a backroom deal with the leaders of the United States and European countries, bypassing Kyiv, in order to block Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic integration under a direct threat of its territorial dismemberment[1].

C0075 Institutional Absorption through a "Military-Political Union" (1919–1921)

The signing of the Treaty of Riga in March 1921: a backroom division of spheres of influence and Ukrainian territories with Poland behind the back of the Ukrainian people, legalized through the formal participation of the puppet Ukrainian SSR[8].

C0026 Liquidation of the Cossacks in Right-Bank Ukraine (1699)

The destruction of the Cossack regiments by the Polish Sejm was a direct, time-delayed consequence of the "Eternal Peace" (1686), under which Moscow officially ceded the Right Bank to Warsaw, handing the indigenous population over for suppression[5].

C1128 Predatory Expeditions of Cossacks and Allied Princes (1718–1721)

The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy used loyal elites of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that in 1718 an expedition into the lands of the Nokhchi was carried out by the forces of "Kabardian princes allied with Peter I"[10].

C0027 Pylyp Orlyk's Campaign in Right-Bank Ukraine (1711)

Use of Orlyk's Tatar allies to break up the anti-Moscow coalition from within. On the Right Bank, the Tatars betrayed the Cossacks and turned to seizing the civilian population: "The betrayal of the Tatars... they dispersed across Ukraine, taking yasyr and destroying settlements"[6].

G0009 Russian Empire

Signing of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. Diplomatic severing of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire through recognition of its formal "independence" in preparation for the subsequent annexation[1].

G0009 Russian Empire

Diplomatic collusion with Prussia and Austria, leading to the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the liquidation of Polish statehood[7].

G0009 Russian Empire

The diplomatic apparatus of the Russian Empire enlisted loyal forces of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that the 1722 military expedition included "an armed detachment of Kalmyks, sent by Ayuka Khan at the tsar's request, numbering 3,730 men"[11].

G0011 Russian Federation

V. Putin's attempt at the Bucharest summit to strike a backroom deal with the leaders of the United States and European countries, bypassing Kyiv, in order to block Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic integration under a direct threat of its territorial dismemberment[1].

C0032 Russo-Turkish War and the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1768–1774)

Signing of the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. Diplomatic severing of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire through recognition of its formal "independence" in preparation for the subsequent annexation[1].

C0037 Second and Third Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1793–1795)

Diplomatic collusion with Prussia and Austria, leading to the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the liquidation of Polish statehood[7].

G0013 Soviet Russia (RSFSR)

The signing of the Treaty of Riga in March 1921: a backroom division of spheres of influence and Ukrainian territories with Poland behind the back of the Ukrainian people, legalized through the formal participation of the puppet Ukrainian SSR[8].

C1126 Suppression of the Uprising of Murat Kuchukov and Terror against the Indigenous Population (1708)

The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy concluded an alliance agreement with Kalmyk forces for joint actions against the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that on September 30, 1708, "at the negotiations between Peter's military commander P.M. Apraksin and the Kalmyk khan Ayuka, an agreement of eight articles was concluded, including 'on the pursuit of the Chechens and Nogais'"[10].

C1129 Suppression of the Uprising, Military Intervention, and Forced Formalization of Subjecthood (1722)

The diplomatic apparatus of the Russian Empire enlisted loyal forces of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Sh. B. Akhmadov states that the 1722 military expedition included "an armed detachment of Kalmyks, sent by Ayuka Khan at the tsar's request, numbering 3,730 men"[11].

C0084 Suppression of UPA Resistance and Operation "Vistula" (1944–1951)

Coordination of actions with the pro-Soviet government of Poland to destroy the Ukrainian underground (Operation "Vistula" in 1947)[9].

C0005 Truce of Andrusovo (1667)

The logical culmination of the absorption process was the official partition of Ukrainian lands between the two neighboring states. The treaty was signed exclusively by representatives of Moscow and Warsaw: "On the Muscovite side the negotiations were conducted by... A. L. Ordin-Nashchokin... on the Polish side, by Commissar Jerzy Hlebowicz" [4]. The opinion of the autonomy itself was completely ignored: "The interests of the hetmans and of Ukraine were, of course, not taken into account" [2]. "For the Cossacks this is yet another blow — the decision about their fate is made behind their backs"[1].

C0002 Truce of Vilna (1656)

As soon as political interests changed, Moscow did not hesitate to conclude a separate peace with its recent enemy — Poland — cynically negotiating the division of spheres of influence behind the back of its Ukrainian ally: "In October 1656, negotiations between Russia and Poland begin in present-day Vilnius"[1].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

As soon as political interests changed, Moscow did not hesitate to conclude a separate peace with its recent enemy — Poland — cynically negotiating the division of spheres of influence behind the back of its Ukrainian ally: "In October 1656, negotiations between Russia and Poland begin in present-day Vilnius"[1].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

The logical culmination of the absorption process was the official partition of Ukrainian lands between the two neighboring states. The treaty was signed exclusively by representatives of Moscow and Warsaw: "On the Muscovite side the negotiations were conducted by... A. L. Ordin-Nashchokin... on the Polish side, by Commissar Jerzy Hlebowicz" [4]. The opinion of the autonomy itself was completely ignored: "The interests of the hetmans and of Ukraine were, of course, not taken into account" [2]. "For the Cossacks this is yet another blow — the decision about their fate is made behind their backs"[1].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

The division of spheres of influence behind the back of the Ukrainian ally, accompanied by a financial transaction for territory: Moscow officially paid an enormous sum in silver for the cession of Kyiv[1][2][3].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

The destruction of the Cossack regiments by the Polish Sejm was a direct, time-delayed consequence of the "Eternal Peace" (1686), under which Moscow officially ceded the Right Bank to Warsaw, handing the indigenous population over for suppression[5].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

Use of Orlyk's Tatar allies to break up the anti-Moscow coalition from within. On the Right Bank, the Tatars betrayed the Cossacks and turned to seizing the civilian population: "The betrayal of the Tatars... they dispersed across Ukraine, taking yasyr and destroying settlements"[6].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy concluded an alliance agreement with Kalmyk forces for joint actions against the Indigenous population: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that on September 30, 1708, "at the negotiations between Peter's military commander P.M. Apraksin and the Kalmyk khan Ayuka, an agreement of eight articles was concluded, including 'on the pursuit of the Chechens and Nogais'"[10].

G0008 Tsardom of Muscovy

The diplomatic apparatus of the Tsardom of Muscovy used loyal elites of neighboring peoples for joint armed actions against the Nokhchi societies: historian Ya. Z. Akhmadov states that in 1718 an expedition into the lands of the Nokhchi was carried out by the forces of "Kabardian princes allied with Peter I"[10].

G0010 USSR

The secret protocols to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany on the division of spheres of influence in Eastern Europe and the legalization of invasion[1].

G0010 USSR

Coordination of actions with the pro-Soviet government of Poland to destroy the Ukrainian underground (Operation "Vistula" in 1947)[9].

References